Components of Special Education
individualized instruction designed to meet the unique needs of certain students; this may acquire accommodations/services/modifications for the student
(Causton & Bronson, 2015)
What is special education?
LEPs ("limited English proficient") or ELs (English learners)
students who have not achieved a level of English language proficiency comparable to a monolingual child of the same age
(Zarillo, 2012)
Who is a part of "language minority students"?
Not one set of teaching strategies will work best for all students in the classroom. Teachers should present information in a variety of ways so that students are actively learning at their highest potential.
(Armstrong, 2009)
What is Multiple Intelligence theory?
A general education teacher, special education teacher, school district representative, psychologist, speech language pathologist, etc.
(Causton & Bronson, 2015)
Who is on an IEP team?
In any classroom, the number of students with disabilities would reflect the natural population of students with disabilities in the whole school.
(Causton & Bronson, 2015)
What is Natural Proportions?
Incorporating hands-on and kinesthetic learning activities into traditional subjects
(Armstrong, 2009)
What is Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence?
Supplementary aides and services (Causton & Bronson, 2015)
Ex: speech pathology, physical therapy, transportation (Causton & Bronson, 2015)
WHAT provides the necessary supports that allow students with disabilities to be full participants and learners in the classroom?
"Code-switching" is when students alternate from using their home language/dialect to the Standard English form
Ex: allow students to give answers using their home language and then asking them to "translate" their answer to Standard English
(Ladson-Billings, 1995)
What is "code-switching" and how might it be used in the classroom?
Ways to differentiate instruction among advanced/"gifted" learners
What might
-increasing autonomy on completion of tasks
-adding depth (Zarillo, 2012)
-coaching for growth
-and teaching students to set their own expectations (Tomlinson, 2017)
be examples of?
STEP 1: Student is suspected of having a disability/needing services.
STEP 2: A team of professionals will evaluate the students in all of the areas related to the suspected disability and decide eligibility.
STEP 3: IEP meeting is scheduled.
STEP 4: During the meeting, the IEP is written.
STEP 5: The school district provides services to the student.
STEP 6: Progress is measured and reported back to the parents.
STEP 7: IEP is reviewed (annually).
STEP 8: Student is reevaluated.
(Causton & Bronson, 2015)
What are the steps involved in the IEP Referral Process?
the valuing of diversity; abandoning the idea that children have to become "normal" in order to contribute to the world (Inclusive Education Causton-Theoharis, 2004)
having a strong sense of connectedness to a group of people (Causton & Bronson, 2015)
What is a sense of belonging?
Krashen's idea that second languages can be acquired when educators "make the English understandable... [and] modify what they say and how they say it" (pg. 98)
(Zarillo, 2012)
What is comprehensible input?
FAPE (Free Appropriate Public Education)
What do these aspects describe?
-all students have the right to attend school
-students with disabilities must be provided with assistive technology/aides/services
-special education and services are guaranteed in a school setting
(Causton & Bronson, 2015)
students with disabilities are spread out throughout classroom seating and are not clustered or seated together in one spot
(Causton & Bronson, 2015)
What is heterogenous grouping and seating?
Teachers incorporate interactions among students so they can feed off of each other and hear each other's thinking
(Armstrong, 2009)
What is Interpersonal Intelligence?