MS
This structure is destroyed in MS, causing impaired nerve conduction.
What is the myelin sheath?
RA is this type of disease in which WBCs attack synovial tissue.
What is an autoimmune disease?
OA is also known as this other name.
What is degenerative joint disease?
The classic SLE rash appearing across the nose and cheeks.
What is the butterfly rash?
ALS affects these two types of motor neurons.
What are upper and lower motor neurons?
Name two common triggers for MS exacerbations.
What are heat, stress, infection, pregnancy, overexertion, or temperature extremes?
Morning stiffness in RA lasts for at least this length of time.
What is more than 1 hour?
Morning stiffness in OA typically lasts this long.
What is less than 30 minutes?
This antibody test is positive in 95% of SLE patients.
What is ANA (anti-nuclear antibody)?
Unlike MS and other disorders, ALS does NOT affect these two body functions.
What are bowel and bladder control?
This sign is characterized by worsening symptoms when exposed to heat.
What is Uhthoff’s sign?
This lab test is most specific for diagnosing MS and can even be positive in patients without symptoms yet.
What is Anti‑CCP?
These bony nodes appear on the distal interphalangeal joints.
What are Heberden’s nodes?
Name one organ often affected by lupus.
What are the heart, kidneys, joints, and skin?
This symptom ultimately causes death in ALS.
What is respiratory failure?
The most definitive diagnostic test for MS and what it would show.
What is MRI showing plaques?
Name two systemic complications of RA.
What are anemia, weight loss, fever, Raynaud’s phenomenon, pericarditis, pulmonary fibrosis?
A major nonpharmacologic intervention to slow OA progression.
What is weight loss or exercise?
This environmental factor is a major trigger for SLE flares.
What is UV exposure?
List one early symptom of ALS.
What are fatigue, progressive muscle weakness, or lack of coordination?
List two common clinical manifestations of MS.
What are diplopia, nystagmus, dysarthria, muscle spasticity, ataxia, bladder dysfunction, cognitive changes?
This procedure uses a syringe to remove synovial fluid from a joint space to confirm inflammation.
What is arthrocentesis?
X‑rays in OA show these three changes.
What are joint‑space narrowing, osteophyte formation, and thickened subchondral bone?
SLE patients should avoid these two things if taking Belimumab.
What are live vaccines and crowds?
Name one supportive treatment used for ALS symptom management.
What is Baclofen/dantrolene/diazepam, PEG tube, CPAP/NIPPV, or mechanical ventilation?