The Emotional Appeal
What is the Greek word for "appeal to emotion?"
pathos
Why is it that our emotions affect our decisions?
We make decisions on more than just arguments, but also based on how we feel (either good or bad)?
How is a speaker supposed to address the following types of emotions in their audience?
a. if the audience has unjustified emotions
b. if the audience has appropriate emotions
a. identify and correct unjustified emotions
b. stir up appropriate emotions
Why is the imagination so powerful in persuasion? In other words, why are stories, analogies, and metaphors so persuasive?
The emotions are readily stirred up by the imagination.
We learn by more than just arguments.
Putting yourself into someone else's perspective makes you feel the emotions being stirred up more strongly.
In order to appeal to emotion without manipulating, one must align the emotions with __________.
reason / the truth
How are emotions tied to pain and pleasure?
We fear pain (avoid it and have negative emotions toward it)
We desire pleasure (seek it out and have positive emotions about it)
One suggestion from the book on how to appeal to emotion well was to have your audience consider how the issue/decision would affect other people.
Why is this a good way to use the emotions in a speech?
It makes people take the time to thoroughly think through the issue.
This encourages well-thought out, reasonable responses to your speech.
Aristotle claimed that stories and images are just as effective as ____________________ when trying to persuade others.
empirical evidence
thinks / feel
What is the dual nature of emotions?
a. Tied to the _________
b. Tied to the _________
a. Tied to the body
b. Tied to the mind
What tip will help you consider how to use emotions to stir up your audience? (Hint: "why")
Think about "why" your audience would feel a certain way about the topic you are giving.
This will help decide when/where you need to correct unjustified emotions and when/where you need to reinforce appropriate emotions.
Who were the two main people that accused Socrates of his charges?
Anytus
Meletus
How can your appeal to emotion build up your ethos (character)?
What types of decisions do the two natures of emotions lead to?
a. Emphasizing the bodily nature of the emotions leads to _____________ responses.
b. Emphasizing the mental nature of the emotions leads to _____________ responses.
b. rational/logical/well-thought out responses
List 4 of the pairs of emotion from Aristotle's list of emotions. (Extra 50 points for explaining how any one of these could be used to persuade an audience).
[points cap an 450]
Anger & Calmness || Kindliness & Unkindliness
Friendship & Enmity || Pity & Indignation
Fear & Confidence || Envy & Emulation
Shame & Shamelessness
What were the two charges brought against Socrates?
1) Not believing in the Greek gods (atheism or blasphemy)
2) Corrupting the youth (to question authority and doubt the gods)