Pathos
"[A]ll those feelings that so change men as to affect their judgments, and that are also attended by pain or pleasure." - Aristotle
What is Aristotle's definition of "emotions"?
An abbreviated syllogism and Aristotle's favorite mode of persuasion.
What is an "enthymeme"?
A comparison that explains one concept in terms of another.
What is an "analogy"?
Occasions (2) for use of ceremonial/epideictic speeches.
What are wedding toasts and funeral eulogies?
"[A] movement by which the soul as a whole is consciously brought into its normal state of being."
-Aristotle
What is the definition of "pleasure"?
Aristotle says, "The greatest thing by far is to have command of _____________."
What is "metaphor"?
The word for absolute logical certainty.
What is "apodeixis"?
This type of reasoning can never be certain.
What is "inductive" or "bottom-up reasoning"?
Human societies require a clear sense of things that people find desirable for their own sake.
What are "core values" or "goods"?
Aristotle describes this as "a written law which regulates the life of a particular community."
What is "particular law"?
Pathos is so important because it is guided by this.
What is "imagery"?
Either X or Y.
Not X,
Then Y is an example of this type of syllogism.
What is "disjunctive"?
Enthymemes and maxims are powerful because they employ this type of reasoning.
What is "deductive or top-down reasoning"?
The goals of epideictic rhetoric (2 reasons).
What are praise/honor virtue and censure vice?
Chance, Anger, Reasoning, Appetite, Nature, Compulsion, and Habit
What are reasons why people commit wrongs?
The mind can be steered by _____________.
What are "emotions"?
This type of Example is the most powerful.
What is the "historical" example?
The intellectual, spirited and appetitive are all parts of this.
What is a "well-ordered soul"?
Recognizing the virtues central to the audience, identifying signs of virtues, and naming the virtue.
What are the steps in praising a person?
Steps in when the law is too severe, and allows for mercy in light of misfortunes and errors of judgment.
What is "equity"?
Appealing to an audience's emotions.
What is "pathos"?
The cost of a day spent at the Oakland County Jail.
What is "$65/day"?
When lacking historical examples, Aristotle favors this type of Example over the fable.
What is "comparison"?
Pointing out that a man/woman is the first or only or almost only person to have done something is one example of this.
What is "heightening the effect" of praise?
Enemies, friends, the rich, the unsuspecting, and the naive are examples of this group of people.
What are examples of those who are wronged?