Rhetorical Appeals
Define Ethos
Credibility of the speaker; having a credible figure support the argument
What is repetition?
Repeating a word or phrase for emphasis
Ex: “Free at last, free at last, thank God Almighty, we are free at last!”
What is a Rhetorical question?
This is a question that isn’t intended to be answered – it’s supposed to make an audience think or to cause an emotional reaction.
Ex: Can we really know what our place in the universe is? Is the sky blue? Do birds fly?
What is Bandwagon?
Assuming something is true because
many people believe it; following after the crowd
Define Logos
Logic and reasoning; Statistics, evidence, and research
Provide an example of logos in a sentence
Logic and reasoning; Statistics, evidence, and research
What is an anecdote?
A brief story about something that happened to the speaker; usually funny/interesting (to make the speaker relatable)
Ex: One time I got lost in the forest, and it took me three days to find my way out!
What is an Analogy?
A comparison between two similar things (simile, metaphor)
Why is it important to be able to identify logical fallacies?
So you are not tricked into believing or doing something with fully understanding it
Provide an example of Ethos in a sentence
Dentists, doctors, celebrities
Define Pathos and provide an example
Invoking emotions in the viewer
What is the difference between denotation and connotation?
One deals with literal meaning while the other deals with emotional meaning
The following is an example of what:
(Man with broken arm walks in) "Oh it's not that bad. It's just a scratch."
Understatement
What is Ad Hominem?
Attacking a person for who they are instead of their argument.
What is a Hasty Generalization?
Drawing a broad conclusion from a limited sample size; assuming something based on little to no evidence; stereotype or prejudice
What rhetorical appeal is being used in the following example:
"A brand-spanking new study by researchers at UC San Francisco released in March of 2018 found that teens who vape are still exposed to some of the same toxic chemicals that are found in cigarette smoke."
Logos
Why is it important to understand the audience when using rhetoric?
So you can fully persuade them to do what you want
Define Anaphora
The repetition of a word or words at the beginning of phrases or sentences
Ex: I have a dream speech
Give an example of a False Dilemma
“We can either build a wall on the border or leave it wide open!”
"Either you trust me to go to the party or you're a bad dad for not raising me right."
"Either you give me money or I drop out of school."
What rhetorical appeal is being used in the following example:
"Through all the chaos that is our history, through all of the wrongs and the discord, through all of the pain and suffering, through all of our times, there is one thing that has nourished our souls, and elevated our species above its origins, and that is our courage."
Pathos
Anaphora
What rhetorical appeal is being used in the following example:
"As a teacher of 23 years, I have had the opportunity to teach AP, honors, IB, and CP classes. Each year, politicians bring up a literacy crisis, but I am here to tell you that there is a very real problem with literacy rates."
Ethos
Give an example of an oxymoron in a sentence
The day felt bittersweet
The deafening screams shocked the man
Their relationship was a beautiful disaster
Define and give an example of Allusion
Casually referencing something well known (from history, pop culture, etc.)
Ex: This girl at the talent show had a voice like Beyoncé.
Define and give an example of a Slippery Slope
Suggesting that one small step will inevitably lead to a disastrous outcome
Give an example of an analogy
Ex: Life is like a box of chocolates; you never know what you’re going to get.