Important Terms
The goal the writer or speaker of a text wants to achieve.
Purpose
The circumstance, atmosphere, attitudes, and events surrounding a text.
Context
An acknowledgment that an opposing argument, or part of that argument, may be true or reasonable.
Concession
What was the context for Lincoln's The Gettysburg Address?
Civil War, Battle of Gettysburg, commemorate those who died in battle
The listener, viewer, or reader of a text. It has both shared and individual beliefs, values, needs, and backgrounds.
Audience
A piece of reasoning with one or more premises and a conclusion.
Argument
An opposing argument to the one a writer is putting forth.
Counterargument
In Hillbilly Elegy, what is J.D. Vance's purpose and how does his appeal to ethos achieve that purpose?
His purpose is to reveal that he comes from a background often not associated with the educational opportunities he obtained, ensuring his audience finds him relatable and not intimidating.
The art of effective communication, the use of language to persuade.
Rhetoric
The relationships, in any piece of writing, between the writer, the audience, and the subject.
Rhetorical Triangle
A denial of the validity of an opposing argument.
Refutation
In "The Checkers Speech," how does Richard Nixon appeal to pathos?
He mentions (and shows) his wife; he tells a story about the dog his family was gifted
The aspects of the rhetorical situation that prompted the writer or speaker to create the text; the urgency for the argument.
Exigence
Statements offered as reasons to support a conclusion.
Premises
Presents a contrasting perspective on an argument or its evidence, proposing that some or all of a competing position is unfounded.
Who are Billie Jean King's intended audiences in "Serena is Still Treated Differently Than Male Athletes?" How does she persuade each of her audiences?
women, people who may not have thought Williams was treated unfairly during the match, people interested in sports, people wanting to hear more perspectives about the controversial game.
The end result of the argument – the main point being made.
Conclusion
What are the three rhetorical appeals and their meaning?
Ethos=credibility
Logos=logic
Pathos=emotion
Why does acknowledging counterarguments make an argument more effective?
It shows that the writer has put a lot of consideration into the argument. They're not too biased.
Provide a counterargument and concession for the following argument:
"How High School Ruined Leisure" makes a valid argument about the extracurricular activities.
Counterargument, concession