Rhetorical Appeals
An appeal that addresses the facts, logic, and reasoning of a message
Logos
What is a rhetorical question?
A question posed to make a point, not to get an answer.
An argument's main idea or position is called...
a claim
When Ashton Kutcher reveals that he changed his name from Chris when he was a teenager, what rhetorical appeal is this most likely using?
A. Ethos
B. Pathos
C. Logos
D. Relevant Evidence
A. Ethos
The article “Why school should start later in the day” is in favor of later start times for many reasons. Which quotation best illustrates the author’s use of a counterclaim?
A. “Yet during the 2011-12 school year — the most recent statistics available — only 17.7 % of the nation’s public middle, high and combined schools met the 8:30 a.m. guideline” (Paragraph 1).
B. “Many districts are reluctant to change their schedules because they see the shift as too expensive and disruptive.” (Paragraph 2).
C. “Repeated studies also show that when the school day starts later and teens get more sleep, both grades and standardized test scores go up.” (Paragraph 3).
D. “Another study, in North Carolina, showed that more than a quarter of injured high-school athletes missed at least one week of playing time.” (Paragraph 8)
B. “Many districts are reluctant to change their schedules because they see the shift as too expensive and disruptive.” (Paragraph 2).
An appeal that addresses the values, needs, and emotions of an audience
Pathos
What is an anecdote?
A short story rooted in personal experience.
an opposing viewpoint to an author's original claim is called...
a counterclaim
What is Kutcher’s purpose in this speech?
A. To entertain teens with humor about his life
B. To criticize the entertainment industry
C. To persuade teens to value hard work
D. To explain how he became famous
C. To persuade teens to value hard work
Which quotation best expresses the author’s main claim in “Why School Should Start Later in the Day”?
A. “It’s well known that teens who don’t get at least eight hours of sleep a night face a slew of problems” (para.1)
B. “In the long run, a later start could actually save schools money — and benefit society at large” (para. 2)
C. “Another potential problem schools commonly raise is that later start times would lead to kids missing classes at the end of the day in order to attend sporting events” (para. 6).
D. “If schools go ahead and shift their start times, they may have to change bus schedules or alter team practice schedules” (para. 14).
B. “In the long run, a later start could actually save schools money — and benefit society at large” (para. 2)
A rhetorical appeal that addresses the credibility and authority of a speaker
Ethos
What is an extended metaphor? Be as specific as possible.
Metaphors (comparisons between two unlike things) that continue over sentences or paragraphs.
What is it called when an author responds directly to a counterclaim in order to disprove it
What is the main claim of McCullough’s speech?
A. Graduates are uniquely exceptional and should embrace it
B. Failure should always be avoided if you want to be special
C. Being “special” is less important than being kind and hardworking
D. Success depends on intelligence alone if you want to make it far
C. Being “special” is less important than being kind and hardworking
The author of “Changing School Start Times Can Have Ripple Effects” claims that later school start times can have a positive benefit on society as a whole. Which quotation provides a counterclaim to that idea?
A. “Later start times can mean less missed school — absences dropped 15% in Bonneville County, Idaho, after it instituted such a change” (para. 3).
B. “Repeated studies also show that when the school day starts later and teens get more sleep, both grades and standardized test scores go up” (para. 4).
C. “Another potential problem schools commonly raise is that later start times would lead to kids missing classes at the end of the day in order to attend sporting events” (para. 6)
D. “But sleepy teens aren’t just a problem in school. When they get behind the wheel, they contribute to the “extreme danger” of drowsy driving” (para. 9).
C. “Another potential problem schools commonly raise is that later start times would lead to kids missing classes at the end of the day in order to attend sporting events” (para. 6)
What is rhetoric?
the art of persuasive speaking and writing
The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of consecutive sentences is called...
anaphora
A claim must be a statement that...
A. is a fact
B. can be argued
C. is usually not supported by evidence
D. can only be made in person
B. can be argued
What was the primary reason of the repetition in Ashton Kutcher's speech where he mentions:
"And then I got a job... And then I got a job... And then I got a job..."
A. to explain how difficult life was for him as a hardworking teenager
B. to show how he worked many menial jobs before becoming famous
C. to demonstrate how there are many different jobs teenagers can get
D. to highlight his determination working hard at every job he had
D. to highlight his determination working hard at every job he had
In “Changing School Start Times Will Have Ripple Effects...,” the author asserts that new start times will disproportionately harm women who work. Which quotation best supports this claim?
A. “But for those who can’t stagger working hours — specifically single parents or families who don’t have any wiggle room on working hours — kids often see themselves to bus stops in the morning...” (para. 6).
B. “For the 30 percent of kids under 18 living at or below the poverty line in Boston, that’s one-third of the $2,100 monthly income for a family of four” (para. 9)
C. “The after-school program at Manning holds fundraisers several times a year, soliciting donations from an already tapped school community” (para. 10).
D. “As someone who has struggled to find meaningful work after being laid off during pregnancy, my partner has a vastly more earning potential. That means that if someone has to sacrifice by being underemployed — or even not working at all — the buck stops with me” (para. 11).
D. “As someone who has struggled to find meaningful work after being laid off during pregnancy, my partner has a vastly more earning potential. That means that if someone has to sacrifice by being underemployed — or even not working at all — the buck stops with me” (para. 11).
What does credible mean?
trustworthy
The repetition of grammatical elements to produce harmony in writing is called...
parallelism
What is evidence that directly relates to the argument being made?
Relevant evidence
Which statement best reflects McCullough’s use of logos?
A. Getting praised and encouraged guarantees success
B. Being told you are special prepares you for the real world
C. Intelligence and being smart determines happiness
D. Real achievement comes from effort, humility, and perseverance
D. Real achievement comes from effort, humility, and perseverance
Both Superintendent Chang and Mayor Walsh would be wise to, at the very least, postpone the changes. If they refuse to prioritize the well-being of Boston’s families over transportation budgets, they ought to at least consider the optics of these onerous changes and how they may affect their own careers. BPS parents are a passionate bunch, and we won’t stop fighting for the well-being of our kids.
To support her claim, the author directly addresses Superintendent Chang and Mayor Walsh to...
A. reflect upon how a later start time can have negative consequences on their political careers.
B. propose free before care and after care for any student under the age of 12.
C. rethink how a later start time can be detrimental for children who have to spend 11 hours at school.
D. devise a new plan that provides flexible work hours for parents.
A. reflect upon how a later start time can have negative consequences on their political careers.