Emotional appeals that are based on getting the audience to feel a certain way.
What is pathos?
100
Unfairly appeal to the audience's emotions.
What are emotional fallacies?
100
Trying to frighten people into agreeing with the arguer by threatening them or predicting unrealistically dire consequences.
What are scare tactics?
100
Asks audiences to agree with the assertion of a writer based simply on his or her character or the authority of another person or institution who may not be fully qualified to offer assertion.
What is false authority?
100
Attacks a person’s character rather than that person’s reasoning.
What is Ad Hominem?
200
Logical appeals that are based on logic and reason.
What is logos?
200
Unreasonably advance the writer's own authority or character.
What are ethical fallacies?
200
Encourage an audience to agree with the writer because everyone else is doing so.
What is bandwagon appeal?
200
When someone offers personal authority instead of proof.
What is authority instead of evidence?
200
Sets up and often dismantles easily refutable arguments in order to misrepresent an opponent’s argument in order to defeat him or her.
What is Straw Man?
300
Ethical appeals that are based on the character of the speaker.
What is ethos?
300
Depend upon faulty logic.
What are logical fallacies?
300
Suggests that one thing will lead to another, oftentimes with disastrous results.
What are slippery slopes?
300
Calls someone’s character into question by examining the character of that person’s associates.
What is guilt by association?
300
Draws conclusions from scanty evidence
What is Hasty Generalization?
400
Dictionary definition of the word.
What is denotation?
400
Use of emotions to distract the audience from the facts.
What are sentimental appeals?
400
Reduce complicated issues to only two possible courses of action.
What are Either/Or choices?
400
Phrasing a question or statement to imply another unproven statement is true without evidence or discussion.
What is complex question or loaded question?
400
Confuse chronology with causation: one event can occur after another without being caused by it.
What is Faulty Causality?
500
Emotional implication related to the word.
What is connotation?
500
Use of misleading or unrelated evidence to support a conclusion.
What are Red Herrings?
500
Create an unnecessary desire for things.
What are false needs?
500
Compares minor problems with much more serious crimes (or vice versa)
What is moral equivalence?
500
A statement that does not logically relate to what comes before it.