Strategic and appropriate selection of what skills should be taught, given a child's level of reading development.
More time is devoted to some categories of skills and less time to others (e.g. first grade: word recognition skills; sixth grade: complex comprehension skills).
What is a balanced instructional program?
100
Word awareness, syllable awareness, word blending, syllable blending, and onset and rime blending.
How do you teach phonological awareness?
100
These are the foundational skills that directly support students with automaticity in reading fluency?
What are phonemic awareness, word analysis, and sight word recognition?
100
Instruction must fit the age and ability of students and be
developmentally appropriate, "kid-friendly" definitions.
Lessons must provide examples of how target words are used in the context of sentences and paragraphs. To learn the meanings of words, children must have repeated exposure to the words.
What is research-based principles of vocabulary instruction?
100
This is the most common text structure for narrative stories.
What is story grammar?
200
Helping students achieve all the grade-level standards while not getting bogged down on any one component of the reading/language arts program. Students receive direct, explicit instruction in reading skills and strategies. They also have opportunities to use those skills and strategies to read a variety of texts and write in several formats.
A second grade teacher's explicit instruction of improving fluency in words such as quietly, practiced, wondered, toward, nervous, and routines.
What is decoding multisyllabic words?
200
Encourage students to read widely on their own. Children learn the meanings of words through independent reading. The more a child reads, the more words they will encounter in print.
How would you use wide reading to increase vocabulary, academic language, and background knowledge?
200
This pre-teaching strategy can be used by teachers to assist English Learners in comprehending narrative texts.
What is pre-teach content vocabulary?
300
Each student's needs are unique, teachers must differentiate instruction to meet individual differences (e.g. grouping/no longer relying solely on whole group lessons, selecting appropriate strategies for different groups, choosing different resources and materials for different groups).
What is differentiated instruction?
300
Sounds made when the air leaving your lungs is vibrated in the voice box and there is a clear passage from the voice box to your mouth (a, e, i, o, and u)
What are vowels?
300
Once a student has mastered this, he will be able to practice fluency during silent reading with a monitoring check-list.
What is automaticity in word recognition?
300
Words that are necessary for performing school tasks and need to be taught to children (e.g. "define," "identify," "illustrate," "speculate," "summarize," "classify").
What is nontechnical academic language?
300
During a fifth grade reading comprehension assessment, a student is asked to pick a sentence that best describes what a character learned in the passage. By asking this question, the student's knowledge of this type of comprehension is being assessed.
What is evaluative comprehension?
400
Teaching students to select books at appropriate reading levels and supports their personal interests.
Allowing structured independent reading opportunities in class and encouraging at-home reading. Having methods for monitoring student independent reading.
What are strategies for promoting and monitoring independent reading?
400
Speech sounds that occur when the airflow is obstructed in some way by your mouth, teeth, or lips.
What are consonants?
400
When a teacher begins her fluency instruction with sight word activities and uses decodable texts that relate to their weekly phonics lesson, she is trying to improve this area of fluency.
What is accuracy?
400
Fiction and information books tend to use a larger and more sophisticated vocabulary and more complex language structures than speech.
Why is text is more complex than speech?
400
A sixth grade teacher organizes her students into groups of six. The students within a group read the same book and discuss it using open-ended and high level questions. This type of grouping is meant to promote independent reading.
What are literature circles?
500
-give students more time
-divide the assessment into smaller units
-change the mode of delivery
-provide practice assessments
-provide a simpler version of the assessment
What are alternative methods and assessments for students with an Individualized Education Program (IEP) or a Section 504 Plan?
500
Student is challenged to take 2 single-syllable words and combine them to make a compound word.
What is word blending?
500
This is the only fluency indicator not accounted for in a running record assessment.
What is prosody?
500
Over a period of time the gap between high-achieving and low-achieving readers widens.
What is The Matthew Effect?
500
This type of monitoring assessment can be used to assess students' progress in reading comprehension.