Judgmental and Inferential Errors
When client behaviors are incorrectly attributed.
What is Fundamental Attribution Error?
Attempt to relate to minority clients as though race is unimportant.
What are Color-blind counselors?
Many counselors do this in order to prevent themselves from offending or discomforting the client, or vice versa.
What is Avoidance of Race?
Counselors who are overconfident about the accuracy of their judgments.
What is Overconfidence?
Minority client transmits emotional reaction to the therapist of another race.
What is cultural transference?
Minority clients and minority counselors can share similar backgrounds, interests, and values; which can have both a positive and negative impact on their relationship.
What is Overidentification?
Utilizing relevant information that the mind easily recalls.
What is a Availability Heuristics?
The client's presence sparks intense emotions in the therapist.
What is cultural countertransference?
In the early 1970s, African Americans were diagnosed with schizophrenia at a rate more than 65% higher than Whites.
What is Race-Based Misdiagnosis?
When counselors focus on information that supports their assumptions about the client usually based on preexisting beliefs.
What is Confirmatory Bias?
Places too much focus on the client's race rather than the presenting problem.
What is a color consciousness counselor?
The concept of Oedipus complex is at play when one attempts to resolve their feelings of powerlessness by becoming like those in power.
What is Identification With the Oppressor?
This client is the most difficult to treat due to their complex interaction between functional and cultural paranoia.
What is Confluent Paranoiac?
Focuses on counselor-centered rather than client-centered therapy.
What is a cultural ambivalence counselor?
This is an “interlocking paradigm,” where each response of the counselor and client is both a reinforcing discriminative stimulus.
What is Pseudotransference?