U.S. Civil Rights
U.S. Civil Rights
U.S. Civil Rights
U.S. Civil Rights background
U.S. Civil Rights
100
a document written in February and March 1956, in the United States Congress, in opposition to racial integration of public places.
Southern Manifesto
100
one of the major Civil Rights Movement organizations of the 1960s. It emerged from the first wave of student sit-ins and formed at a May 1960 meeting organized by Ella Baker at Shaw University
SNCC (Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee) 1960
100
led the decades-long legal fight to overturn Plessy
NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)
100
added equal rights in contracts and employment, attempting to provide for equality of economic opportunity for blacks.
Civil Rights Act 1866
100
Debt slavery, in which business owners required workers to labor until they paid off a debt. The wages paid were often so low that it took years of decades to pay the debt.
Peonage
200
a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of Montgomery, Alabama. It was a seminal event in the civil rights movement.
Montgomery Bus Boycott 1956
200
civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961 and subsequent years to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions which ruled that segregated public buses were illegal
Freedom Rides 1961
200
organized small-scale "freedom rides"
CORE (Congress of Racial Equality)
200
formed as a resistance to the Civil War amendments during Reconstruction
KKK
200
Extra-judicial homicide. sometimes referred to as "Frontier Justice" when a group of people take law into their own hands and hand down, then carry out, a death sentence
Lynching
300
an African-American civil rights organization, closely associated with its first president, Martin Luther King Jr., had a large role in the American civil rights movement
SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference)
300
was a volunteer campaign in the United States launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African-American voters as possible in Mississippi
Freedom Summer
300
abolished slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. In Congress, it was passed by the Senate on April 8, 1864, and by the House on January 31, 1865.
13th Amendment
300
an informal, unwritten deal that settled the intensely disputed 1876 U.S. presidential election. It resulted in the United States federal government pulling the last troops out of the South, and formally ended the Reconstruction Era, also turning its back on blacks
Compromise of 1877
400
group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. Their enrollment was followed by the Little Rock Crisis, in which the students were initially prevented from entering the racially segregated school by Orval Faubus, the Governor of Arkansas.
Little Rock Nine 1957
400
The purpose of this event was to advocate for the civil and economic rights of African Americans.
March on Washington 1963
400
granted citizenship and equal civil and legal rights to African Americans and slaves who had been emancipated after the American Civil War, including them under the umbrella phrase “all persons born or naturalized in the United States. ...
14th amendment
400
the former practice of segregating black people in the US.
Jim Crow
500
a series of nonviolent protests in Greensboro, North Carolina, in 1960, which led to the Woolworth department store chain removing its policy of racial segregation in the Southern United States
lunch counter sit-ins
500
a public speech that was delivered by American civil rights activist Martin Luther King Jr. during the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom on August 28, 1963, in which he called for civil and economic rights and an end to racism in the United States
I Have a Dream
500
prohibits the federal government and each state from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color, or previous condition of servitude". It was ratified on February 3, 1870, as the third and last of the Reconstruction Amendments.
15th amendment
500
the movement of many rural southern African Americans to northern cities, beginning a transition to the urban centers that would continue through much of the 20th century. By 1970, approximately 7 million African Americans had moved out of the South.
Great Migration