Section 1 - General
What is the Muslim name for God?
Allah
What peninsula did Islam originate on?
What type of religion is Islam?
Islam is a monotheistic religion, which means belief in one God. They also believe that Muhammad is His prophet.
Which two main empires existed during the time of the spread of Islam? Name the two empires and describe where they were located.
Persian/Sassanian and Byzantine Empires
What does the acronym PIECES refer to?
Political
Innovation
Economic
Cultural
Environmental
Social
What is the name of a Muslim house of worship?
Mosque
What angel brought messages to Muhammad to start Islam
Jibril (Gabriel)
Which Pillar of Islam means to not eat or drink for a period of time. Give the Arabic and/or English translation.
Sawm (Fasting)
Africa, Europe, and Asia
Which holy book is one of the principle historical sources for historians studying the period of the rise of Islamic empires?
The Quran
The holy book of Islam
Quran
During the Hijra, Muhammad and his followers left Mecca to migrate to which holy city of Islam due to religious persecution?
Medina
The group that believed that Ali, Muhammad's cousin, should be the next ruler of Islam
Shia Muslims
Which city was the capital of Al-Andalus (modern-day Spain) under the Islamic Caliphates?
What city is considered holy by all three major monotheistic religions?
Jerusalem
The name for the political and religious rulers (after Muhammad) of the Muslim community
Caliph
Which important historical event (specific to Islam) happened in 630CE?
Muhammad and his followers returned to Mecca (from Medina) and conquered the city. This is important because Mecca became the center of Islam and more people accepted it as their religion.
The group that believed that Abu Bakr should be the next leader of Islam
Sunni Muslims
What were the first two caliphates/dynasties of Islam (the first from 661-750CE; the second from 750-1258CE), and what were their capital cities?
Umayyad Caliphate: Capital city = Damascus
Abbasid Caliphate: Capital city = Baghdad
What did Muhammad do for a living before he became a prophet?
merchant
The name for the building at the center of Islam's most important mosque and holiest site, the Masjid al-Haram in Mecca
The Kaaba
People of the book that had to pay a special tax to practice their religion
Who are Jews and Christians?
What is the name in Arabic for the fifth pillar of Islam, when Muslims take a pilgrimage to the Holy City of Mecca?
The Hajj
Name 2 major accomplishments of the Islamic Golden Age
1. Development of Algebra
2. Advances in medicine, hospitals
3. Improvement of astronomy and navigation (Astrolobe)
4. Translation of Greek texts to Arabic
5. Adoption of papermaking and spreading it around the empires
Muslim mathematician that was a pioneer in the study of algebra
Al-Kwarizmi