The Decline of the Roman Empire
When massive numbers of Germanic tribes crossed the Rhine due to weakening in the Roman Empire
The Migration Period
United the tribes, established a large kingdom in Gaul, and converted to Catholicism which helped strengthen the Roman Catholic Church
King Clovis I
The medieval ruler who united most of Western and Central Europe for the first time since the fall of Rome.
King Charlemagne
What holiday was Charlemagne made Emperor in 800 AD
Christmas Day
What two Germanic groups migrated into Britain ?
The Saxons and Angles
Problems included a decaying city, little to no tax revenue, overpopulation, poor leadership, and, most importantly, inadequate defense.
Reasons behind the fall of the Western Roman Empire
King of the Salian Franks during the fall of Rome
Childeric I
A brutal 32-year campaign led by Charlemagne to conquer and forcibly convert pagan Saxons to Christianity.
30-year Saxon war
What leader crowned Charlemagne?
Pope Leo III
What seafaring warriors from Scandinavia raided and pillaged across Europe
The Vikings
What year marked the end of the Western Roman Empire
476 AD
A Germanic people who rose to power after the fall of Rome
The Franks
Following a rebellion, Charlemagne ordered the execution of 4,500 Saxons in one day.
The Massacre of Verden
What empire was revived after Charlemagne's coronation
The Roman Empire
What nomadic group from the Eurasian steppe settled in modern-day Hungary?
The Magyars
Pressure from what groups caused the fall of the Roman Empire
Barbarians
Clovis' conversion to Catholicism; presumed to have happened after a major battle was won in 496, most of his soldiers were baptized.
Importance of Catholicism
When Muslim Leaders in Zaragoza had asked Charlemagne for protection against the Emirate of Córdoba.
Spanish Campaign
The alliance between Charlemagne and Pope Leo III
What group's raids contributed to the instability in Western Europe during the 9th and 10th centuries?
The Vikings
What Germanic group slowly expanded along the Roman borders
The Franks
Paved the way for Clovis I to eventually unify the Franks under one rule
Childeric I
A major ambush by Basque forces where Charlemagne’s rear guard was destroyed, this was just coming off a failed campaign against the Spanish.
Roncevaux Pass
What future empires did Charlemagne influence
The German and French empires
What 3 groups helped shape the languages and cultures of medieval Europe?
The Angles, Saxons, and Vikings