Japan
In World War I, Japan fought on the side of these countries.
Explain who Joseph Stalin was.
Who was the totalitarian leader of the USSR who rose to power after Lenin's death and ruled until 1953. Used fear, violence, and propaganda (among other methods) to maintain power?
The leader of Italy between 1922 and 1945. This leader used violence and intimidation to gain and maintain power. He appealed to people who were bitter and frustrated by the outcomes of WWI and Italy's economic problems.
Who is Benito Mussolini?
What is a system of government in which the state attempts to assert total control over all aspects of life? Totalitarian governments can be left-wing or right-wing.
This period began in 1868 after many years of isolationism in Japan. The goal was to save Japan from foreign domination through modernizing and Westernizing.
What is the Meiji Restoration?
About 14 million people went through these prison camps under Stalin's reign. The living and working conditions were extremely harsh, and many political prisoners were sent here. Various major industrial and economic projects in the USSR relied heavily or entirely on the labor of prisoners in these camps.
What is the gulag?
A far-right, authoritarian political ideology that generally includes extreme nationalism and militarism and disdain for liberalism. Included a focus on strict traditional gender roles.
What is fascism?
A common feature among all of the totalitarian regimes discussed here. Used to crush dissent and spread fear. Purpose is to enforce the government's policies/views. May spy on individuals and/or use violence.
What is secret police?
This agreement was created after World War I. As part of the agreement, Germany was required to take full blame for the war. These two countries had been promised territory for being on the winning side, but ultimately did not receive that territory.
*Both answers need to be correct to count*
What is the Treaty of Versailles? What are Italy and Japan?
This took place over 6 weeks between late 1937 and early 1938 as part of the beginning of Japan's war with China. It was an extremely brutal attack, and hundreds of thousands of Chinese civilians were killed and/or attacked. Exemplifies extreme nationalism, imperialism, and militarism.
What are the Nanjing Atrocities?
This "campaign of terror" began in 1937. Anyone who seemed to threaten Stalin's power could be targeted, including many leaders from Lenin's time in power. Ultimately those targeted expanded to intellectuals, leaders of ethnic and religious groups, and anyone with "foreign ties." About 1 million died as result. Torture was common.
What is the Great Purge/Great Terror?
Mussolini and the National Fascist Party's paramilitary group. This group violently intimidated socialist organizations and people.
What were the Blackshirts?
Another common feature of totalitarian regimes, and one way that totalitarian leaders can gain and maintain power. Involves sharing biased, incomplete, or inaccurate information. Also involves control of mass media.
What is propaganda?
This began in 1931, after Japan made up a falsely blamed Chinese forces for an incident in the region that Japan had actually caused. The region became a puppet state, and the military created a controlled economy. Eventually, the controlled economy spread and the entire empire became a military state.
These were projects undertaken by Stalin to develop the Soviet Union's economy. They often set unrealistically high quotas on the production of various goods -- limiting consumer good production in the process. Resulted in consumer good shortages.
What were the Five Year Plans?
This began in October 1935, and was an example of nationalism and imperialism. This event also demonstrated the weaknesses of the League of Nations. During this time, Italy used chemical weapons. In the late 19th century, Italy had attempted to colonize this country, but was defeated.
What is the Italian invasion of Ethiopia?
Define indoctrination and give two examples from totalitarian regimes we have studied.
What is teaching a person or group the government's beliefs to convince all citizens to be unconditionally loyal and supportive?
Explain Japanese Pan-Asianism.
What is the ideology that Japan could defend all of Asia against the Western powers? However, this ultimately became rhetoric used to justify Japanese imperialism throughout Asia.
What is collectivization?
Define the March on Rome (including the month and year).
What was this October 1922 event, when Fascists threatened and intimidated the king of Italy, forcing him to make Mussolini prime minister?
Explain at least three methods that totalitarian leaders used to gain power, and the conditions that helped lead to the rise of totalitarianism in the years between the World Wars.
Methods
- Violence/intimidation
- Propaganda
- Focus on youth
- Economic/political/military success
Conditions
- World War I & the Treaty of Versailles
- Economic problems
- Anger towards the Allies/the West
- Dictators/cult of personality/charismatic leaders
The agreement that this European country made with the Allies when they officially joined them in World War I. As part of the agreement, this country was promised territories.
*Need the name of the agreement, country, and year*
What was the Treaty of London, Italy, and 1915?