River A
___________ which is caused by human increases the magnitude and frequency of floods.
Urbanisation
When does deposition occur?
When the river loses energy.
Other name for abrasion
corrasion
Human interference ____________ many floods
intensifies
Where does deposition occur?
When it enters a shallow area.
In meander, velocity is ____________ on the inside bank and ____________ on the outside bank.
Slowest, fastest
Give 2 examples of loss sharing and insurance
Disaster aids, insurances (money equipment, staff and technical assistance)
What causes hydraulic actions?
Water, air
Mention 2 example of hard engineering
dams and reservoir, or leeves, flood gates, floodways
Give 2 examples of hazard resistant designs?
Flood proofing, blocking up entrances, shields to seal entrances
List 3 landforms found in the upper course
V-shaped valley, gorge, potholes, interlocking spurs
List 3 climatological causes of flood
Rain, ice melt, snow melt
List 3 opportunities that rivers provide
Fertile alluvium
Water transportation
Recharge groundwater or aquifers
___________ occurs where the river spills over a sudden change in gradient, undercutting rocks by hydraulic impact, and abrasion, thereby creating a ______________.
Plunge flow, waterfall
List down 3 managing impacts of flooding?
Hard engineering,
Loss sharing and insurance,
Land use planning
4 types of erosion
Hydraulic Action, Abrasion, Attrition and Solution
In which country can you find Niagara Falls?
Canada
Type of erosion that forms potholes
Hydraulic Action and abrasion
4 Types of transportation
Suspension, Traction, saltation and solution
It is a result of lateral erosion, caused by fast flow in the meander,is concentrated on the outer, deeper bank.When river breaks through and creates new channel, the old meander is called and its called __.
ox-bow lake
Aside from velocity, what other 2 things that increase the deposition that creates deltas.
salty water and vegetation
Factors affecting erosion
Load, velocity discharge, geology, pH, human impact
Give 3 factors that increases the potential damage caused by flood water.
Velocity and speed
Debris, rocks, sediment and trees
The most common form of river engineering.
levees
Give 3 examples of soft engineering
Loss sharing and insurance
Forecast and warning
land use planning
afforestation, reforestation, reseeding, contour plowing and terracing