Rivers

R

100

This feature is characterized by steep gradients and fast-flowing water.

V-shaped Valleys

200

This term describes the area where a river begins, often found in mountains.

Source

300

This type of erosion is common in the upper course, leading to V-shaped valleys.

Vertical erosion

400

What is the result of a river flowing over layers of hard and soft rock, causing erosion of the softer rock and creating a sudden drop?

Waterfalls

500

The fine, fertile sediment deposited by a river during floods, enriching the soil

Alluvium

I

100

In this section, rivers typically meander and have wider valleys.

Lower Course

200

In this section, you might find oxbow lakes formed by river meandering.

Middle Course

300

This slow-moving, winding bend in a river is common in the middle and low

Meander

400

This type of erosion occurs when rocks and sediment carried by a river scrape against the riverbed and banks, wearing them away.

Abrasion

500

This feature is rich in nutrients due to the silt deposited by the river, making it fertile land.

Delta

V

100

where the river  meets and flows into an ocean or lake.

Mouth

200

Rivers in this section often have tributaries joining them.

Middle Course

300

The natural embankments along the sides of a river help contain floodwaters.

Levees

400

Large rocks and boulders roll along the riverbed in this type of transportation.

Traction

500

This area of the river is characterized by slow-moving water and sediment deposition.

Lower course

E

100

The process where a river widens its valley by eroding its banks, common in the lower course.

Lateral erosion

200

A crescent-shaped lake that forms when a meander is cut off from the main river.

Oxbow Lake

300

This process occurs when a river’s energy decreases, causing it to leave behind sand, silt, and clay

Deposition

400

Small pebbles and stones bounce along the riverbed in this transportation process.

Saltation

500

These sudden and extreme increases in river water levels occur when heavy rainfall or melting snow rapidly adds water.

Flash flooding

R

100

This force moves sediment along the riverbed by rolling and bouncing pebbles downstream.

Traction

200

This term describes the flat, fertile area surrounding a river that is prone to flooding

Flood Plain

300

In the lower course, this process of erosion occurs when water dissolves minerals in rocks, gradually wearing them away.

Solution

400

This process happens when fast-moving water lifts and removes loose sediment from the riverbed.

Hydraulic action 

500

This landform occurs at the mouth of a river where fresh and saltwater mix, creating a unique ecosystem.

Estuary