Foot-Ankle
Initial ground contact made with the forefoot
What is Forefoot contact
30 degrees of knee flexion at initial swing
What is Limited flexion
10 degrees of hip abduction during mid swing
What is excess abduction
10 degree drop of iliac crest on swing limb during stance
What is contralateral pelvic drop?
Anterior lean of the trunk past vertical
What is forward lean
Rapid plantarflexion after heel strike, often audible as forefoot hits ground
What is Foot Slap
Knee extension beyond neutral in stance
What is hyperextension
5 degrees of hip flexion in terminal swing
What is limited hip flexion
Elevation of the iliac crest above neutral during swing limb advancement
What is hip hike?
Trunk extends during initial contact
What is backward lean?
Initial contact made with both hindfoot and forefoot
What is Flatfoot contact
ADduction of the tibia relative to the femur
What is varus (Bow-leg)
More than normal hip flexion for the swing phase
What is excess flexion
20 degrees of anterior pelvic tilt
What is excess anterior tilt?
Lean of the trunk over the right stance leg of 5 cm
What is right lateral lean
Heel does not rise in terminal stance
What is No heel off
Rapid movement toward extension in stance
What is extension thrust?
The femur when the patella facing outward
What is excessive lateral rotation
Greater than 5 degrees of drop of the iliac crest on the reference limb during stance on the contralateral limb
What is ipsilateral drop?
Trunk rotates anteriorly 2 degrees over swing leg
What is lack of pelvic rotation
20 degrees of MTP extension in terminal stance and pre-swing
What is Inadequate MTP extension
Repeated alternating movement of knee joint
What is Wobble
Femur crosses midline during initial swing
What is 'excessive adduction'
Less than 5 degrees of forward rotation during mid and terminal swing
What is inadequate forward rotation?
Trunk flexes anteriorly during swing phase
What is lack of extension or excessive flexion
Contact of foot with ground during initial or mid swing
What is Toe drag
Contralateral flexion during reference swing limb advancement
What is contralateral flexion contracture or excess flexion
Thigh abduction with flexion followed by adduction during swing limb advancement
What is circumduction
Greater than 5 degrees of backward rotation during terminal stance
What is excess backward rotation
According to the RLA, This point in the gait cycle does not have any trunk deviation
What is Initial contact