Scientific Reasoning
It's the scientific term for an educated guess.
What is a hypothesis?
It is the type of research paper where someone has collected new data and analyzed it, or has conducted a new set of analyses on existing data (like census data).
What is an empirical paper?
It is the scale of measurement that you would use for variables where order matters, but there is not necessarily equal distance between "ranks."
What is ordinal?
In an experiment, it is a potential confounding variable that experimenters try to hold "constant" (or control for) in their design.
What is an extraneous variable?
At any university, it is the organization responsible for governing ethics in human research.
What is an IRB (institutional review board)?
It is the type of thinking that can lead to errors and biases.
What is intuitive thinking?
(Will also accept "What is heuristic thinking?")
It is a database available through RIT library that helps you find psychology relevant research articles.
What is PsycInfo?
It is the type of sampling that you may use if you are unable to control probability of recruitment, but you would like to target specific numbers of different population subgroups.
What is quota sampling?
Two variables are correlated r = .25. It's the term for when we say that 6.25% of the variation in one variable is explained by the other variable.
What is the coefficient of determination?
It is the act of posting a short version of your hypotheses, study design, and analysis plan in an online repository prior to conducting a study.
What is pre-registration?
Tom knows most people need a calculator to do calculus. Tom knows that many physics classes require you to do some calculus. When Tom shows up for his new advanced physics class, he brings a calculator.
Tom used this way of knowing to plan his first day activity.
What is reason?
(Will also accept what is logic?)
It is the type of article where someone proposes a new model of how things work, organizing a set of psychological principles into something meaningful that other scientists can draw new hypotheses from.
What is a theoretical article?
It is a type of sampling that you might use if your groups of interest fall along natural boundaries (i.e., classes, districts, sports, colleges) and can be recruited probabilistically in groups.
What is cluster sampling?
It's the threat to validity that occurs when something outside of an experimental study happens that impacts some or all of the subjects.
What is history?
Scientists who commit data fraud are violating this APA ethical principle.
What is integrity?
It's a type of study where scientists use both qualitative and quantitative methods.
What is mixed-methods research?
They are two common parts of empirical papers that are usually missing in literature review type papers or theoretical articles.
What is the methods and results sections?
If people respond to a measure consistently across different timepoints, or to different variations of that same measure, then we can say the measure is high in this.
It's the methodological step you can take to reduce order effects in a within subjects experiment.
What is counterbalancing?
It is a journal sponsored initiative that promises to publish an author's work regardless of the statistical significance, as long as authors follow a pre-approved peer-reviewed plan of data collection and analysis.
They are the two approaches to forming hypotheses that you can take (give both).
What are top down and bottom up?
(Will also accept what are theory driven and observation driven?)
It's the free reference managing program that you can use to store articles and generate APA-friendly bibliographies.
What is zotero?
(say answer in order) If a measure has good _________ validity it will correlate positively with conceptually related measures; if it has good _______ validity, it will not correlate significantly with measures assessing theoretically unrelated constructs.
What are convergent and divergent validity?
It's the type of assignment you can do to ensure that subgroups are evenly distributed across conditions in a between subjects study.
What is blocked random assignment?
This is the act of temporarily hiding a study's true purpose or hypotheses from participants, in the rare case that giving that information up front will harm the integrity of the study.
What is deception?