Random
RNA
Translation
RNA II
Mutations
100

Genes contain instructions for assembling

  1. Mutagens

  2. Nucleosomes

  3. Proteins

  4. Operons

Proteins

100

RNA contains the the sugar

  1. Ribose

  2. Lactose

  3. Deoxyribose

  4. Glucose

Ribose

100

What causes translation to stop? 

stop codon

100

How many nucleotides are needed to specify three amino acids?

  1. 6

  2. 9

  3. 3

  4. 12

9 because each amino acid requires three nucleotides.

100

When a chromosome undergoes a deletion mutation, information is 

  1. Lost

  2. Transferred

  3. Reversed

  4. repeated

Lost 

200

What is the central dogma theorem? 

DNA --> RNA --> Protein

200

  1. Unlike DNA, RNA contains

    1. Uracil

    2. Adenine

    3. Thymine

    4. Phosphate groups 

Uracil

200

Where does transcription occur in a eukaryotic cell? 

Nucleus

200

Which type of mutation only affects a single amino acid? Which can affect more than one amino acid?

Substitution only affects a single amino acid. Insertions/deletions can affect more than one. 

200

A mutation that involves one nucleotide is called 

  1. Translocation

  2. An inversion 

  3. A mutagen 

  4. A point mutation 

a point mutation

300

Describe three main differences between DNA and RNA? 

Different sugars, double stranded vs. single stranded, uracil instead of thymine

300

  1. From which of the molecules are mRNA molecules transcribed?

    1. rRNA

    2. DNA

    3. tRNA

    4. Proteins

DNA

300

Where does translation occur in a eukaryotic cell?

Ribosomes (cytoplasm)

300

Transcribe this strand of DNA into RNA:GTCATAGC

CAGUAUCG

300

Which of the following is a name of a type of chromosomal mutation AND a type of gene mutation? 

  1. Substitution 

  2. Insertion 

  3. Deletion 

  4. Inversion 

Deletion

400

  1. The order of nitrogenous bases in DNA ultimately determines the order of   (blank)                           that are brought to form a polypeptide chain that assembles into proteins. 



amino acids

400

  1. Which type of RNA copies the information in the genetic code from the nucleus to other parts of the cell?

    1. rRNA

    2. tRNA

    3. RNA polymerase

    4. mRNA



Transfer RNA

400

A promoter is a

  1. An anticodon of tRNA

  2. Stop signal for transcription 

  3. Binding site for mRNA to attach to DNA

  4. Specific sequence of nucleotides that serve as a binding site for RNA polymerase to start making mRNA

Specific sequence of nucleotides that serve as a binding site for RNA polymerase to start making mRNA

400

T/F: If a nucleic acid contains Uracil, it is DNA.

This is false because it should be thymine. 

400

Which of the following is a chromosomal mutation?

  1. Point mutation 

  2. Substitution 

  3. Insertion 

  4. Inversion 

Inversion

500

Explain the process of using a codon chart. 

Start in the center and follow the three bases of mRNA outward until you reach the designated Amino acid. 

500

  1. Which of the following are found in both DNA and RNA?

    1. Phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine

    2. Ribose, phosphate groups, and adenine

    3. Phosphate groups, guanine, and thymine

    4. Deoxyribose, phosphate groups, and guanine

Phosphate groups, guanine, and cytosine
500

Explain the process of translation. 

Translation is the process by which messenger RNA (mRNA) is decoded to synthesize proteins. It occurs in ribosomes, where the mRNA sequence is read in sets of three bases (codons), and transfer RNA (tRNA) brings the corresponding amino acids to form a polypeptide chain.

500

Describe the functions of mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA. 

Most genes contain instructions for assembling amino acids into proteins. The RNA molecules that carry these instructions from DNA to other parts of the cell is called mRNA. 

Proteins are assembled on ribosomes, composed of two subunits. These subunits are made up of several rRNA molecules and as many as 80 proteins.

When a protein is built, a third type of RNA called tRNA transfers each amino acid to the ribosome as it is specified by coded messages in mRNA. 





500

Define mutations and when they occur. 

Mutations: Heritable changes in genetic information

  • Occur when cells make mistakes in copying their own DNA, inserting the wrong base, or skipping bases as the strand is put together. 

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