IV Therapy
The type of fluid that the nurse would expect to be given for a patient who has general dehydration
Normal saline/NS/0.9% NaCl
This is the best indicator of fluid balance.
Weight
DAILY DOUBLE: The weight of 1 L of fluid in kg
This is the normal range for sodium
135-145
This hormone is stored in the pituitary gland and is released in response to changes in blood osmolarity; prevents diuresis, thus causing the body to reabsorb water
Anti-diuretic hormone, ADH, vasopressin
This lab result should be reported to the primary provider:
a. Sodium 127
b. Potassium 5.4
c. Calcium 9.2
d. Magnesium 1.8
a. Potassium (change of 8%)
Sodium change is 6%
Calcium is in range
Magnesium is in range
This red streak follows the vein and the skin is hot and inflamed
Phlebitis
Sudden weight gain, distended neck veins, peripheral edema, crackles in lower lobes on auscultation are signs of this fluid imbalance
Fluid overload/hypervolemia
Electrolyte with a normal range of 3.5 to 5.0
Potassium
The four diuretics discussed in pharmacology that focus on fluid
HCTZ, furosemide, triamterene, spironolactone
DAILY DOUBLE: The diuretic that is potassium sparing
If patient has a diagnosis of hyperphosphatemia, this is the other electrolyte imbalance the nurse might expect.
Hypocalcemia, hypomagnesemia
The nurse suspects this complication if the area around the IV site is swollen, cool, and pale
Infiltration
When a patient presents to the ER reporting generalized weakness after 3 days of vomiting and diarrhea, this is the vital sign measurement strategy should the nurse perform to provide the best indicator of fluid status?
Orthostatic vital signs
The normal range for magnesium
1.8-2.6
These two classes of drug therapy interrupt the renin-angiotensin system
ACE inhibitors, A2RBs
DAILY DOUBLE: These two classes of drugs typically end with these suffixes
What are 3 major causes of hypokalemia?
Vomiting, diarrhea, gastric suctioning
The correct pump setting this order:
2 L NS IV over 12 hours
166.7 or 167 mL/h
On assessment, the nurse finds the patient to have taut, shiny skin to bilateral lower extremities. A 2-mm indention is left when a finger is pressed into the front of the shin. What does the nurse expect to hear when auscultating breath sounds?
Crackles, moisture in lower lobes
Electrolyte with a normal range of 9.0-10.5
Calcium
The adrenal cortex works to ultimately release this hormone to counteract hypovolemia in an effort to to increase the plasma sodium level
Aldosterone
What hormone stimulates the reapsorption of calcium?
Parathyroid hormone
The correct drop factor for this order using 15 gtt/mL tubing:
Cefazolin 1 g in 50 mL NS over 15 min
50 gtt/min
50 mL x 15 gtt
15 min mL
Nursing priority for client experience actual dehydration with generalized weakness
Safety due to increased risk for falls
Replace fluid volume to increase perfusion
The electrolyte that calcium has a direct relationship with
Magnesium
This hormone promotes vasodilation; diminishes the thirst mechanism; acts as a diuretic that causes fluid and sodium loss
Natriuretic peptide
Electrolyte imbalance that is common when there is limited fluid intake, may be present with increased aldosterone secretion
Hypernatremia