IV Therapy
The movement of water from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration
What is osmosis?
This is the best indicator of fluid balance.
What is weight?
DAILY DOUBLE: The weight of 1 L of fluid in kg
The electrolyte responsible for fluid movement in the body
What is sodium?
This hormone is stored in the pituitary gland and is released in response to changes in blood osmolarity; prevents diuresis, thus causing the body to reabsorb water
What is anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin?
Name 2 ways to assess for hypocalcemia.
What are Trousseau's sign and Chvosteks?
This red streak follows the vein and the skin is hot and inflamed
What is phlebitis?
Sudden weight gain, distended neck veins, peripheral edema, crackles in lower lobes on auscultation are signs of this fluid imbalance
What are signs of fluid overload/hypervolemia?
Abundant intracellular cation essential for the transmission of electrical impulses in cardiac and skeletal muscle
What is potassium?
Name four diuretic medications discussed in class
What are HCTZ, furosemide, triamterene, spironolactone?
DAILY DOUBLE: The diuretic that is potassium sparing
If a client has a diagnosis of hyperphosphatemia, this is the other electrolyte imbalance the nurse might expect.
What are hypocalcemia or hypomagnesemia?
The nurse suspects this complication if the area around the IV site is swollen, cool, and pale
What is infiltration?
When a client presents to the ER reporting generalized weakness after 3 days of vomiting and diarrhea, this is the vital sign measurement strategy that the nurse should perform to provide the best indicator of fluid status
What are orthostatic vital signs?
DAILY DOUBLE: Berumen's favorite color
The electrolyte associated with bones, blood clotting, and cardiac rhythm
What is calcium?
These two classes of drug therapy interrupt the renin-angiotensin system
What are ACE inhibitors and A2RBs?
DAILY DOUBLE: These two classes of drugs typically end with these suffixes
Name 3 major causes of hypokalemia.
What are vomiting, diarrhea, gastric suctioning?
The correct pump setting this order:
2 L NS IV over 12 hours
What is 166.7 or 167 mL/h?
On assessment, the nurse finds the client to have taut, shiny skin to bilateral lower extremities. A 2-mm indention is left when a finger is pressed into the front of the shin. And expects to hear this when auscultating breath sounds
What are crackles, moisture in lower lobes?
The electrolyte that calcium has an inverse relationship with
What is phosphorus?
The adrenal cortex works to ultimately release this hormone to counteract hypovolemia in an effort to increase the plasma sodium level
What is aldosterone?
The hormone which stimulates the reabsorption of calcium.
What is the parathyroid hormone?
The type of fluid that the nurse would expect to be given to a client who has an extracellular fluid deficit
What is normal saline (0.9% NaCl)?
DAILY DOUBLE: This IV solution is also isotonic
Nursing priority for client experiencing actual dehydration with generalized weakness
What is safety due to increased risk for falls? OR
What is replace fluid volume to increase perfusion?
The electrolyte that facilitates transfer and storage of energy; regulates parathyroid hormone
What is magnesium?
This hormone promotes vasodilation; diminishes the thirst mechanism; acts as a diuretic that causes fluid and sodium loss
What is natriuretic peptide?
Electrolyte imbalance that is common when there is limited fluid intake, may be present with increased aldosterone secretion.
What is hypernatremia?