Dates
When was the French and Indian War?
1754-1763
Who founded the Sons of Liberty?
Samuel Adams
In which Act did Parliament declare they have the right to make laws for the colonies in "all cases whatsoever"?
The Declaratory Act of 1766
What was the result of the French and Indian War?
France lost all their land in North America, giving Canada and everything east of the Mississippi River to Great Britain; they gave Louisiana territory to Spain; Spain gave Florida to GB
What does "no taxation without representation" mean?
The colonists meant Parliament did not have the right to tax them because they did not vote for any members of Parliaments, so they were not represented.
What event happened on March 5, 1770?
Boston Massacre
What did George Washington do in the French and Indian War? (Name at least 2 things)
He was messenger asking French to leave Ft. Dusquesne, started the war by fighting the Battle of Ft. Necessity, and led the retreat from Braddock's defeat.
Which Act lowered the price of tea by allowing the East India Company to sell directly to the colonies but kept the tea tax?
Tea Act of 1773
Why did John Adams defend the soldiers involved in the Boston Massacre?
He wanted to uphold law and order; thought it was only just to give them a fair trial.
Why did Parliament begin taxing the colonies?
To pay off their war debt from the French and Indian War AND to pay for the 10,000 troops stationed in the colonies to enforce the Proclamation Line of 1763.
When was the Boston Tea Party?
December 16, 1773
Who was the African American who was killed in the Boston Massacre?
Crispus Attucks
Why were the colonists upset about the Stamp Act?
Because it was the first DIRECT tax Parliament had placed on them, which they saw as Parliament overstepping its authority.
What was the purpose of the Stamp Act Congress (two things)?
To ask Parliament to repeal the Stamp & Sugar Acts and to say Parliament didn't have the right to tax them or use admiralty courts
What is salutary neglect?
Salutary neglect was when Parliament did not enforce taxes and trade regulations on the colonies, allowing them to engage in smuggling and bribing officials, leading to their economic flourishing with this "free trade."
What events happened in 1773 and 1774 to create the final division between Great Britain and her American colonies?
The Boston Tea Party (1773)
The Intolerable Acts (1774)
What did William Pitt do in the French and Indian War?
He invested more money and troops to fight for the American colonies, ultimately helping Britain win
1. Closed Boston Harbor until the tea was paid for
2. Sent General Thomas Gage as military governor
3. Suspended MA's charter and townhall meetings
What was Pontiac's Rebellion?
An uprising of a coalition of Native American tribes in the Ohio River Valley (and surrounding area) who fought against the British army and colonists after the French lost the F&I War.
Why were the colonists upset with the use of Admiralty Courts?
Because the admiralty courts did not use a jury and trial by jury was a right of British subjects.
Which three major events took place in 1763?
Treaty of Paris
Pontiac's Rebellion
Proclamation of 1763
Which British Prime Minister began enforcing and instituting new taxes on the colonies?
George Grenville
Name 3 things that made the Sugar Act different from previous taxes.
1. It halved the tax from 6p to 3p
2. It was intended to raise revenue (aka make money)
3. It gave customs officials writs of assistance
4. It said violators would be tried in admiralty courts
What were three resolves of the First Continental Congress?
1) boycotted ALL trade with England
2) called for Parliament to repeal 13 Acts
3) declared only colonial assemblies could tax them
4) consented to allow Parliament to regulate trade
5) planned to meet again if Parliament/king didn't respond
6) prepared militias
What is virtual representation?
The claim that Parliament represents ALL British subjects, even those who don't vote for members of Parliament (such as the colonists and a few counties in England).