Lab Safety & Fluids
According to the scientific method overview, what is the correct definition of a hypothesis?
An if, then statement
Which of the following is NOT one of the seven SI base units?
A) Meter (length)
B) Kilogram (mass)
C) Newton (force)
D) Kelvin (temperature)
Newton
What is the definition of "Kinematics" according to the introductory slides?
The branch of mechanics that describes the motion of objects without discussing what causes the motion.
When drawing a Free-Body Diagram (FBD), how is the system typically represented?
As a dot to model the object as point-like.
According to Hooke’s Law, how is the applied force (FAPPLIED) related to the displacement (x) of an ideal spring?
The force is directly proportional to the displacement (F = kx).
When working in the laboratory, what should you do immediately if a chemical spill occurs?
Tell a teacher first, so they can assess the situation
If a capacitor is labeled as 2.5 μF (microfarads), what is its value expressed in the fundamental unit of Farads?
2.5 x 10-6 F
Which of the following best describes Newton's First Law of Motion?
An object at rest stays at rest, and an object in motion stays in motion at a constant velocity unless acted upon by a net external force.
Which of the following is defined as the "angular counterpart to Force"?
Torque
What does a large spring constant (k) indicate about a spring?
The spring is "stiff" and requires a large force to compress or stretch.
On an NFPA chemical safety label, what does a higher number (e.g., 4 vs. 1) indicate?
the risk is higher
What is the primary difference between mass and weight as described in the physics basics?
Weight is a measure of force, while mass is a measure of the quantity of matter
In rotational motion, what is the name of the line defined by the centers of all the circular paths of points on a rigid object?
Axis of Rotation
According to the "Rotational Analog to Newton's Second Law," a net torque produces what?
An angular acceleration
In the context of a restoring force, why is Hooke’s Law often written as F = -kx?
Because the restoring force acts in the opposite direction of the displacement.
What is the SI unit for the spring constant (k)?
Newtons per meter (N/m)
Which of the following quantities is considered a vector?
A) A quantity that has only magnitude
B) A numerical value with units but no direction
C) Any quantity that has both magnitude and direction
D) Time and mass
Any quantity that has both magnitude and direction
According to the Law of Conservation of Energy, what happens to the total energy in an isolated system?
It remains constant, but can be transformed from one type to another.
What does the "Parallel Axis Theorem" allow physicists to calculate?
The moment of inertia of a body around any axis, provided the moment of inertia about the center of mass is known.
Which of the following is the correct formula for the Elastic Potential Energy (Us) stored in a spring?
Us = ½ kx2
According to the introductory slides, why are both liquids and gases collectively called "fluids"?
Because they are both capable of flowing and taking the shape of their container.
If a man walks 54.5 meters east and then 30 meters west, what is his total displacement relative to his starting point?
24.5 meters east
At which point in a pendulum's swing is the energy entirely Kinetic (K)?
At the bottom of the swing.
If an object is in "Static Equilibrium," what must be true about the torques acting on it?
The net torque must be zero.
For an object attached to a spring undergoing Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM), where is the velocity of the object at its maximum?
At the equilibrium position (x = 0).
Which state of matter is described as having a definite volume but taking the shape of its container?
liquid
"Power" is defined in the energy slides as the rate at which work is done. What is the SI unit for Power?
Watt (W)
According to the Work-Energy Theorem, what does the net work (Wnet) done on an object equal?
The change in the object's kinetic energy (∆K).
In rotational motion, what happens to an ice skater’s angular velocity when they pull their arms in close to their body?
It increases because their moment of inertia decreases, conserving angular momentum.
What is the definition of "Amplitude" in simple harmonic motion?
The maximum displacement of the mass from its equilibrium position.
What is the definition of "Density" as used in the study of fluids?
The mass per unit volume of a substance.
In a mass-spring system, what happens to the period (T) of oscillation if the mass (m) is increased?
The period increases (it takes longer to complete a cycle).
According to the Work-Energy Theorem, what does the net work (WNET) done on an object equal?
The change in the object's kinetic energy (∆K).
In rotational motion, what happens to an ice skater’s angular velocity when they pull their arms in close to their body?
It increases because their moment of inertia decreases, conserving angular momentum.
For a Simple Pendulum, which factor determines the period of oscillation for small angles?
The length of the string and the acceleration due to gravity (g).
According to Pascal’s Principle, what happens when there is a change in pressure applied to an enclosed fluid?
The pressure is transmitted undiminished to every portion of the fluid and to the walls of the container.
A "Gauge Pressure" reading differs from "Absolute Pressure" because Gauge Pressure:
Measures the pressure relative to atmospheric pressure (Absolute - Atmospheric).
What occurs when an oscillating system is in "Resonance"?
The frequency of an external driving force matches the natural frequency of the system.
Which term describes motion where the amplitude decreases over time due to energy dissipation (like friction)?
Damped harmonic motion
Which principle states that the buoyant force on an object immersed in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid that the object displaces?
Archimedes’ Principle
What is the SI unit of force?
The Newton (N).
True or False: Gravity is a force
True
If an object is floating in a fluid, what must be true about the buoyant force (FB)?
The buoyant force is equal to the object's weight.
If you drop a 50-g metal cube into water, how can you find its density?
Measure the volume of the displaced water and divide the mass (50g) by that volume.
In fluid dynamics, what does the "Equation of Continuity" (A1V1 = A2V2) imply about water flowing through a pipe
The pressure is the same at all points in the pipe.
If you mix all the colors of light together what do you get?
White
According to Bernoulli’s Principle, what is the relationship between the speed of a fluid and its internal pressure?
As the speed of a fluid increases, the pressure within the fluid decreases.
What do we call the study of how objects move and the forces exerted on them?
Physics
Torricelli’s Theorem is used to find the speed of a liquid leaving a hole in a container. This speed is equivalent to:
The speed an object would have if dropped from the same height as the liquid's surface.
Which of the following is a core assumption made for "Ideal Fluids" in these slides?
They have a uniform density and are non-compressible.