Igneous
Obsidian is a volcanic rock with a glassy texture. This is because it was formed by fast-cooling lava, making it an ________________ igneous rock.
Extrusive
Larger rocks get broken down into smaller fragments or grains such as pebbles, sand, and clay. These rock fragments that get cemented together are called _____________.
Sediments
Metamorphic rocks that form some organization or layers due to pressure are categorized as ____________.
Metamorphic rocks that do not have any indication of organized layers are categorized as ______________.
Foliated
Non-foliated
Igneous rock is created from the heat of earth's core. The process of rock turning into magma and cooling into new rock is called ______________________________.
Melting and Solidification
You find a rock that has many holes in it, that almost look like air bubbles. This is most likely an _____________ rock.
Igneous
Granite is a volcanic rock with a coarse texture, including large crystals. This is because it was formed by slow-cooling magma, making it an ________________ igneous rock.
Intrusive
Clastic
Metamorphic rock, such as slate and shist, that is subjected to pressure so that the grains of the rock are organized in a similar direction is showing _________________________.
Mineral alignment
Sedimentary rock is formed from the solidification of many layers of sediments being pressed together. This process is called ________________.
Compaction / Cementation
You find a rock with clear, straight layers. This is most likely a _______________ rock.
Pumice is a volcanic rock that cooled quickly enough to preserve air bubbles, giving it a ______________ texture.
Vesicular
Clastic rocks can be further categorized by the _____________________________ that make them.
Sizes of rock fragments
Metamorphic rock that is of a higher degree, such as gneiss, is compressed so greatly that they show distinct, wonky layers of minerals. These layers are known as _____________.
Banding
Metamorphic rock is formed from other rocks being exposed to ____________ and ____________ and molded into new rock. This process is called metamorphism.
Heat and Pressure
You find a rock with distorted layers of crystals. This rock is most likely a _______________ rock.
Metamorphic
Basalt is a volcanic rock that is composed of dark-colored minerals, such as iron and magnesium. This makes Basalt a _____________ igneous rock.
Mafic
Rocks such as rock salt, and some types of limestone are formed when minerals are dissolved in a solution, and that solution evaporates allowing the rock to crystallize. These rocks are known as _____________ sedimentary rock.
Chemical / Crystalline
Metamorphic rock that is created by being in close proximity to the intense heat of magma is being changed by _________________________.
Contact Metamorphism
Rocks in the environment are broken down (from environmental factors such as water and wind) into smaller rocks through a process called ___________________.
Weathering / Erosion
The process where rocks in the earth's crust get shifted and return to the surface (think mountain formation) is called _______________.
Uplift
Rhyolite is a volcanic rock that is composed of light-colored minerals, such as silica and aluminum. This makes Rhyolite a _____________ igneous rock.
Felsic
Coal, fossils, petrified wood, and some types of limestone are rocks that were created from the remains of once-living material. These types of rock are known as ______________ sedimentary rocks.
Organic / Bioclastic
Metamorphic rock that is being created through the intense pressures that come from a large area being buried deeper into earth's crust is being changed by ________________________.
Regional Metamorphism
Rocks can only undergo certain processes once they are underground. The process of rocks shifting and getting closer to earth's core is called _______________________________.
Deposition and Burial
The ORIGINAL rocks that come together through metamorphism to create new metamorphic rocks are known as a ___________.
Prolith