Rock Cycle
What process turns molten rock into igneous rock?
Crystallization
What are rocks formed at the surface, also known as volcanic rocks, called?
Extrusive rocks
What are the two types of lithification processes mentioned?
Compaction and cementation
What is the difference between high-grade and low-grade metamorphism?
High-grade causes substantial changes, low-grade causes slight changes
What are rocks with unusually large crystals called?
Pegmatite
What type of rock is formed when sediment is converted into rock through pressure and cementing?
Sedimentary rock
What type of texture is formed when lava containing large crystals cools quickly?
Porphyritic texture
What type of sedimentary rock is composed of shell fragments?
Coquina
What type of metamorphic rock is formed from the contact metamorphism of limestone?
Marble
What type of deposit is distributed throughout a rock mass?
Disseminated deposit
What process changes sedimentary rocks into metamorphic rocks using heat and pressure?
Metamorphism
What 1980 event involving a volcano is an example of igneous rock formation?
Mt St Helens
What feature, consisting of layers of sediment, is the single most characteristic feature of sedimentary rocks?
Strata
What metamorphic rock does slate eventually become with increasing metamorphism?
Schist
What fuel from ancient decayed organisms is largely derived from dead plants?
Coal
What is the molten rock under Earth’s surface called?
Magma
What type of rock, also known as plutonic rocks, is formed at depth?
Intrusive rocks
What type of sedimentary rock is principally composed of calcite from marine organisms?
Limestone
What type of metamorphism occurs on a large scale due to tectonic plate deformation?
Regional metamorphsim
What process involves pumping water with chemicals into low-permeability rocks to extract oil and gas?
Fracking
What process involves the slow decomposition of rocks by the atmosphere?
Weathering
What mineral composition is granite known for, composed of feldspar and silica?
Felsic
What remains of prehistoric life are common in sedimentary rocks?
Fossils
What nearly flat arrangement of minerals within a rock is characteristic of foliated rocks?
Foliation
What type of rock yields oil and gas in an oil trap until stopped by cap rock?
Reservoir rock