Vocab & Basics
This is the continuous set of processes by which rock can change from one type to another.
What is the rock cycle?
This type of igneous rock forms when magma cools quickly outside Earth's surface.
What is extrusive igneous rock?
This is the process by which rocks break into smaller pieces due to water, wind, ice, or gravity.
What is weathering?
These two forces change metamorphic rocks.
What are heat and pressure?
This is a substance composed of crystals with a specific chemical composition and geometric shape.
What is a mineral?
Igneous rocks are formed by ____ and ___ of magma.
What are cooling and solidification?
This is the process of moving sediment from one place to another.
What is erosion?
This is the relationship between a mineral and a crystal.
What is crystals make up minerals?
This is molten rock beneath the Earth's surface.
What is magma?
Igneous rock that cools slowly will have ____ _____ than rock that cools quickly.
What are larger crystals?
This is the process in which dissolved minerals crystallize and glue sedimentary particles together.
What is cementation?
This occurs when the atoms of existing crystals are rearranged to form differently shaped crystals due to heat.
What is recrystallization?
These are loose materials such as rock fragments, mineral grains, and bits of shell that have been moved by wind, water, ice, or gravity.
What are sediments?
This is why lava cools faster than magma.
What is lava is on the outside of Earth?
Sedimentary rock is the only type that contains these.
What are fossils?
Scientists use these two characteristics to help them understand how rocks form.
What are composition and texture?
These are the four main energy sources that drive the rock cycle.
What are the energy from the sun, energy from gravity, plate tectonics, and heat from the Earth's core?
This determines the texture of an igneous rock.
What is how fast the magma cools?
This is the correct order for the five steps of sedimentary rock formation.
What are weathering, erosion, deposition, compaction, and cementation?
Metamorphic rocks are grouped into those formed by these two methods.
What are deformation and recrystallization?