igneous
How do igneous rocks form
when molten rock, called magma or lava, cools and hardens into a solid mass
how are sedimentary rocks formed
through the breakdown of existing rocks into sediment, which is then transported, deposited, and hardened over time
How are metamorphic rocks formed
from pre-existing rocks that are transformed by heat, pressure, or hot mineral-rich fluids without melting
What is the difference between magma and lava
magma is still inside the volcano and lava is when it reaches the surface
what are sediments
they are small pieces of of rock, minerals, or, organic material carried by wind or water
What are two main forces that can change a rock into a metamorphic rock?
heat and pressure
Where is intrusive igneous rocks formed
deep beneath the Earth's surface
What are the three main types of sedimentary rocks
clastic, chemical, organic
What does the word "metamorphic" mean?
pertaining to or characterized by change of form, or metamorphosis
Where is extrusive igneous rocks formed
on the Earth's surface
what are some key characteristics in sedimentary rocks
layering or bending, clastic texture, fossils and fine-grained to coarse - grained grain size
Give one example of a foliated metamorphic rock and one example of a non-foliated metamorphic rock.
marble, schist
What causes holes to form in igneous rocks
when dissolved gases escape from cooling lava, creating bubbles that become trapped as the lava solidifies
What are clastic sedimentary rocks made of?
They are made from fragments of other rocks.
What type of rock is slate formed from?
fine-grained sedimentary rocks, primarily shale or mudstone