Sedimentary rocks
what are sedimentary rocks?
rocks formed from sediments
what are igneous rocks?
rock formed from cooling lava or magma
Formed from __________ and ____________
heat and pressure
What is geology?
study of rocks and how they are formed
Four layers of the Earth (from outside to inside)
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
weathered rock (clastic)
sediments are cemented together through pressure
extrusive igneous rocks
rocks formed from cooling lava when it reaches the surface
what does foliated mean?
banded/layers
chemical substances that make up rocks
what is physical weathering
breaking down rocks into smaller pieces
organic sedimentary rock
dead plant or animal matter build up and cement together
intrusive igneous rocks
formed when magma underground cools
regional metamorphism
Over a wide area below the crust caused by tectonic plate movement
define erosion and what is a cause of erosion?
carrying away small rock particles
causes: wind, water, ice
what is chemical weathering
changes in the rock composition
Chemical sedimentary rocks
intrusive because they cool slower
contact metamorphism
Contact with hot magma as it pushes through the mantle and crust
What is sedimentation/deposition?
eroded rock particles stop moving and build up
What is the difference between lava and magma?
magma is molten rock under the Earth surface and lava is molten rock that has reached the surface
2 names and 2 uses of sedimentary rock
names: limestone, sandstone, coal
uses: energy, glass, cement, plaster, buildings
2 names and 2 uses of igneous rocks
names: basalt, dolerite, granite, pumice, obsidian
uses: buildings, road tiles, benchtops, cleaning dead skin, scalpel blades
How do diamonds form?
•High temperatures causes carbon in rocks to crystallize to form diamonds
•Diamonds are carried to the surface by rising magma
•Magma cools to form igneous rocks
1 example of chemical weathering and 1 example of physical weathering
acid rain and gases
wind, water, plants
2 names and 2 uses of metamorphic rocks
names: gneiss, slate, gemstones, diamonds, marble
uses: benchtops, sculptures, buildings, glass, roofing, jewellery