Igneous Rocks
is a complex mixture of melted minerals, not all minerals melt of freeze (Solidify) and the same temperature
Magma
metamorphic rocks that have grains arranged in parallel layers or bands
Foliated
When layers of rocks, sand, clay, and other particles are deposited in layers over millions of years.
Sedimentation
Rocks are broken down into smaller pieces
Weathering
The reason water can chemically weather rocks.
Minerals found in water
The two different formations of igneous rocks
Intrusive and Extrusive
affects rock over a large area from heat and pressure, caused by plate shifting or colliding
Regional metamorphism
When layers of sediment are squeezed together
Compaction
The process that splits rock when water seeps into cracks then freeze and expands
chemical weathering occurs when __
chemical reactions cause permanent changes to rocks and other physical features
The factor that determines the texture of the igneous rock.
How fast the magma cools
metamorphic rocks that have mineral grains arranged randomly
Non-foliated
A sedimentary rock made from grains of sand.
Sandstone
The grinding away of a rock by other rock particles carried in water, ice or wind
Abrasion
sulfur and other chemicals that pollute the air when coal, oil, and gas are burned in power plants and cars
Acid rain
coarse- or medium-grained intrusive igneous rock that is rich in quartz and feldspar; it is the most common plutonic rock of the Earth’s crust
Granite
Most commonplace metamorphic rocks are found
mountains or near large masses of igneous rock
When sediments are glued together to form rock.
Cementation
When roots grow and break up structures, specifically rocks.
Root Weathering
Water, Oxidation, Carbonation, Sulfuric acid, Plant acid
Five causes of chemical weathering
Of or relating to an igneous rock in which the crystals are so coarse that individual minerals can be distinguished with the naked eye
Phaneritic
While metamorphic rocks are forming, intense heat changes the ____ and ____ of the grains, or ______, in the rock.
size, shape, mineral crystals
A sedimentary rock made from decomposed marine creatures.
Limestone
The process of rock contraction when it's cold and expanding when it's warm. This constant change from contraction and expansion causes the rock to crack
Freeze-thaw cycle
Chemical weathering softens rocks
chemical weathering makes it easier for a rock to be mechanically weathered