Rocks vs Minerals
What is a Rock?
A hard solid substance composed of minerals
Magma is below ground lava is above ground
The process that turns Sediments into Stone is known as:
Lithification
Metamorphism is where rocks undergo incredible amounts of __________ and ____________ that changes its structure and composition
Heat and Pressure
Rocks are classified by how they _________
Form
Lava that cools and hardens forms _____________ igneous rock
Extrusive Igneous Rock
(Lava that is on the surface of Earth - means it has EXITED) Exit - Extrusive
This type of Sedimentary Rock forms from minerals left behind by water that is evaporated and go through the lithification process
Chemical Sedimentary Rock
This type of Metamorphism occurs where the area surrounding a volcano has rocks transformed into Metamorphic rock
Regional Metamorphism
Rocks and Minerals are similar because they are both what?
Natural
Igneous Rocks that are formed from magma that cools inside of the Earth are known as:
Intrusive Igneous Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks that form from a majority of organic material like ancient plant life, shells or bones are known as:
Carbonate Sedimentary Rock
This type of metamorphism occurs when a rock has direct temperature applied to it
Contact Metamorphism
True or False: Rocks DO have solid crystalline structures and definite chemical composition
False They do not have them
Igneous Rock that contains metals like iron, magnesium, and calcium tend to be heavier and darker and are known as:
Mafic Igneous Rocks
This type of clastic sedimentary rock forms from stones or pebbles that come together and go through the lithification process to form one larger rock
Conglomerate Sedimentary Rock
This type of metamorphism is where the rock is directly squeezed undergoing direct pressure
Dynamic Metamorphism
Rocks and Minerals differ in if they contain carbon or not. Minerals are ____________ while Rocks can be ____________.
Minerals = Inorganic
Rocks = Organic
How does temperature effect texture?
Cool Slowly = Bigger Crystals and Rough
Cool Quickly = Smaller Crystals and Smooth
Explain Compaction and Cementation
Compaction is where new layers are deposited on top of old layers and push down due to their weight. This forces the water out, and remaining water to crystalize.
Cementation is where the new crystals that have formed act as a glue that holds all the sediments together to become one solid substance.
Rocks can go through the Rock Cycle and turn from one type to another based on these 3 events
1) Melting
2) Erosion and Deposition
3) Heat and Pressure