Rock Characteristics
Rocks are classified by how they are ___________.
Formed
These rocks are formed when lava or magma cools and hardens.
Igneous rocks
Minerals always contain a specific amount of certain elements. In other words, minerals have _____________
Definite chemical composition
If a mineral has a dull, earthy luster, is it metallic or non-metallic?
Non-metallic
Large crystals form when magma/lava cools _______.
Slowly
Rocks are composed of more than one _____________.
Mineral
Metamorphic rocks are formed this way.
Metamorphic rocks are formed when sedimentary or igneous rocks go through intense heat and pressure.
True or false: Minerals are made up of many minerals.
False
If a mineral has a hardness of 5, is it soft or hard?
In between
What is the name of the hardness scale for minerals?
Mohs Hardness Scale
Rocks have no definite ______ and no definite ______.
Rocks have no definite chemical composition and no definite crystal structure.
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Sedimentary rocks are formed when sediments accumulate, compact, cement together.
Minerals have a uniform structure of atoms. This is also known as __________.
Definite crystal structure
What is cleavage/fracture?
The way mineral breaks. If it has cleavage, it breaks evenly and has flat surfaces. If it has fracture, it break unevenly and has irregular surfaces.
Small crystals form when magma/lava cools _______.
Quickly
Which one is a rock? How do you know?
A = Rock
B = Mineral
All three types of rocks become sediments (and eventually sedimentary rocks) when these two things happen.
Weathering and Erosion
In which state of matter do you find minerals?
Solid
This is what we call the mark/color that left behind from a mineral.
Streak
How are sediments formed?
Weathering and Erosion.
Name 4 similarities between rocks and minerals.
Rocks and minerals are inorganic, solid, naturally formed, and can be classified by their chemical composition.
When molten material cools under the Earth's surface it's called _________.
Magma
What do rocks and minerals have in common?
They are both inorganic, solid, naturally formed, and can be classified by their chemical composition.
Why is color not the best way to identify a mineral?
Because many mineral have different varieties that are different colors. Also, sometimes the streak is different from the color of the mineral.
If a mineral has a metallic luster, hardness of 2, black/gray streak, and perfect cleavage, and it's name starts with G, what is the mineral?
Galena