Minerals
Minerals are only solid. True or False
True
An igneous rock formed by the crystallization of lava that has erupted onto the surface of Earth.
extrusive igneous rock
A rock, usually layered, that results from the consolidation or lithification of sediment, for example a clastic rock, such as sandstone, a chemical rock, such as rock salt, or an organic rock, such as coal.
Sedimentary Rock
rock that has been changed (metamorphosed) into a different rock type, without actually melting,by an increase in temperature and/or pressure, and/or the action of chemical fluids.
Metamorphic rock
The processes of weathering by which rock is broken down by physical forces or processes, including gravity, water, ice, wind, or human actions at or near Earth’s surface.
Physical Weathering
If you observe a variety of samples of feldspar, which property is likely to vary the most?
Color
An igneous rock formed at considerable depth by the crystallization of magma.
Intrusive Igneous Rock
Layers of rock, visually separable from other layers above and below.
Strata
A general term for metamorphism affecting an extensive region
Regional metamorphism
The wearing away of soil or rock by weathering, mass wasting (downhill movement of material under the influence of gravity), and the action of streams, glaciers, waves, wind, and underground water.
Erosion
What are ores?
Valuable minerals in rocks
A rock that solidified from molten or partly molten material, that is, from magma.
Igneous rock
A sedimentary rock made up mostly of fragments derived from preexisting rocks and transported mechanically to their places of deposition.
Clastic
The tendency for a metamorphic rock to split along parallel planes.
Foliation
A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means; an element is composed of atoms with identical atomic numbers.
Element
What is a solid material, whose atoms, molecules, or ions are arranged in an orderly, repeating pattern.
Crystal
What type of igneous rock is associated with mid-ocean ridges?
basalt
A sedimentary rock formed by direct chemical precipitation of minerals from a solution.
Chemical Sedimentary rock
How does contact (thermal) metamorphism form metamorphic rocks?
By heating rocks without melting them to form new minerals
naturally occurring collections of mineral grains.
rocks
What is a naturally occurring, inorganic, solid material that consists of atoms that are arranged in a regular pattern and has characteristic chemical composition, crystal structure, and physical properties
mineral
What do the coarse grains of a piece of granite suggest about how the rock formed?
It cooled slowly below the ground
What does the presence of limestone in the central United States suggest about the past environment of this region?
the region was once covered by a shallow sea
What is the name of a high-grade metamorphic rock that is coarse grained with dark- and light-colored bands of minerals?
gneiss
a standard of 10 minerals by which the hardness of a mineral may be rated
Mohs scale