Vocab
What is a solid material that forms by natural processes?
mineral
True or False: Magma/lava that cools quickly form small to no crystals.
True
True or False: Rocks are named and classified by the way they form.
True
Which physical property is tested by scraping the mineral across a porcelain plate to see the color of the powder left behind?
Streak
What is the never ending cyclcle in which one rock type changes into another type?
Rock Cycle
What is a type of igneous rock that is made with dark, dense material?
mafic
Tell me the difference between magma and lava.
Lava is molten rock above ground and magma is molten rock below the Earth's surface.
What is a naturally formed, nonliving Earth material?
Rock
How are minerals rated on Moh's hardness scale?
1-10
1 being the softest, 10 being the hardest
What rock type is formed from heat and pressure?
What is the processes of rocks getting created from sediments?
lithification
What is a solid product that forms from a reaction and settles out of a liquid mixtures?
precipitates
What are pieces of gravel, sand, silt, and clay?
sediments
Name all 7 physical properties of a mineral.
Name the 3 main processes that change rock.
What is a felsic igneous rock?
a type of igneous rock made up of light, less dense minerals
What are veins in rocks?
minerals that cooled from a liquid and filled cracks in rocks.
Tell me the three different rock types?
igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
Tell me what the physical property luster is describing.
the way light reflects off of the surface of a mineral
Tell me which processes form which rocks.
cooling/crystallization - igneous
weathing/erosion - sedimentary
metamorphism - metamorphic
Tell me the difference between intrusive and extrusive igneous rocks (at least 2 differences).
Intrustive - cool slowly underground, larger crystals, mafic, dark, dense
Extrustive - cool quickly underground, smaller crystals, felsic, light, less dense
Tell me how clastic sedimentary rocks form and how chemical sedimentary rocks form.
clastic - made of fragments of preexisting rocks and minerals
chemical - rocks that form from hardening of precipitates
Tell me the three different types of rocks and how they form.
igneous - cooling magma/lava
sedimentary - when sediments get compacted and cemented together
metamorphic - form when existing rock changes through heat/pressure
Name all 7 physical properties AND what they are/what they mean.
Color - color of the mineral
Streak - the color of the powder left behind when scratched on a plate
Luster - the way light reflects off the mineral
Density - how much matter is in a certain amount of space
Hardness - minerals ability to resist being scratched
Cleavage - the way the mineral breaks along certain planes
Fracture - how a mineral breaks w/o a pattern
Tell me the definition of 3 main processes.
crystallization - the formation of minerals from cooling magma/lava.
weathering - chemical/physical breakdown of rocks at Earth's surface.
metamorphism - change in a rock due to high temps and/or pressure