True or False?
Minerals made by humans.
FALSE, minerals are naturally occurring.
Rocks come in all different...
shapes and sizes.
What is magma?
Liquid rock
How many different types of rocks are there? What are their names?
3 types of rocks called igneous, sedimentary and metamorphic rock.
What is made out of the same material all the way through?
Minerals!
Some minerals have very unique ________ such as the brassy gold colour of pyrite or the yellow of sulphur.
colour
Rocks and minerals are solids.
TRUE
There are two types of igneous rock...
intrusive (forms below the earth's surface) and extrusive (forms above the Earth's surface).
What does it mean for rocks and minerals to be "naturally occurring"?
It means that they are naturally created in the environment/humans did not make them.
How are rocks classified?
Rocks are classified based on how they are made or formed.
Which type of rock forms both above and below the Earth's surface?
Igneous rock
________ describes how light reflects off of a mineral. The two main types are _________ and non-________.
Lustre and metallic
Rocks are made up of two or more minerals.
TRUE
Minerals are made up of a particular mix of...
chemicals.
What does it mean for rocks and minerals to be "inorganic" ?
They have never been alive, they do not require basic needs.
How are igneous rocks formed?
Liquid magma from below the earth's surface rises, cools and solidifies to create igneous rocks.
What type of rock is made from wind and water breaking off small pieces of rock and dust?
Sedimentary rock
_______ is not always the best way to identify minerals because some are _______less and others are white. Some minerals can also be found in more than one ________. (Same word for all three blanks)
Colour
Minerals are made up of one or more substances.
FALSE. They are only made of ONE substance.
The small pieces of dust, rock and organic material are called...
Sediment.
What does it mean to do a streak test?
You take a white tile and scratch the mineral against it to create sediment to see what colour the streak is.
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
Metamorphic rocks are formed when heat and pressure is applied to different substances deep within the Earth and cause igneous and sedimentary rocks to change.
What type of rock is created when the heat and pressure is applied to the other two types of rocks?
Metamorphic
The colour of powder that a mineral makes is called a _________. A _________ test is when a mineral is scraped across a white unglazed tile to see what colour it produces.
streak
Minerals have a helix structure.
FALSE, they have a crystal structure.
Sedimentary rocks are made out of....(2 things)
sediment (dust, dirt) and organic material.
What does it mean for minerals to have a "definite chemical composition"?
It means that each mineral is made up of a particular mix of chemical elements.
How are sedimentary rocks formed?
Sedimentary rocks are formed when air and water brush against existing rocks and create sediment. That sediment then lands in rivers and oceans, sinks to the bottom, and hardens over time into hard rock.
What are the four properties of minerals that we learned?
Colour, lustre, streak, and transparency.
There are three levels of transparency; __________, _________, and __________.
transparent, transluscent and opaque
BONUS! Can you describe each of these levels of transparency?