Sedimentary Rocks
Name and explain the first step in the formation of sedimentary rocks.
1. Weathering: rock breaks down into sediment
Igneous rocks can form from __________ or __________.
lava magma
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
extreme heat and pressure
What is physical weathering?
Give an example.
Rock breaks down, but does not form a new substance.
ice melting
ice thawing
strong waves breaking rock
What rock makes up Earth's crust, and how much of Earth's crust is it?
igneous rock and about 95%
Name and explain the second step in the formation of sedimentary rock.
2. Erosion: sediment moves to a new location
How will an igneous rock that cools very quickly look? Name a type of igneous rock that cools very quickly.
It will have very fine (small) minerals.
obsidian
marble
gneiss
serpentine
Chemical weathering is when rock changes into a _________ ___________.
Also, give an example of a chemical change.
Chemical weathering is when rock changes into a new substance.
acid rain
What is sediment?
Name and explain the third step in the formation of sedimentary rock.
3. Deposition: rock settles or drops off to the new location
What are intrusive igneous rocks?
Rocks that are formed under the earth's crust
List four kinds of rocks that can turn into metamorphic rocks? (come up with specific names, not sedimentary or igenous)
limestone
obsidian
basalt
granite
sandstone
mudstone
List three types of erosion.
wind
waves
gravity
rain (moves sediments)
What is the strongest mineral (rock) on Earth?
diamond
Name and explain the fourth step in the formation of sedimentary rock.
4. Compaction: layers of sediment get pressed together by the weight of the top layers
Rocks that are formed above the earth's surface
What type of weathering is this? Acid rain dissolving rock that can cause erosion.
chemical
List three examples of weathering.
wind, rain, sleet, snow, ice melting, thawing
What is a mineral?
a nonliving substance that makes up rocks
Name and explain the final step in the formation of sedimentary rock.
How can an igneous rock turn into a sedimentary rock?
it can be weathered and the sediment can go through the five steps to become a sedimentary rock
Rock is exposed to ice.
physical weathering
Where can igneous rocks form?
on Earth's surface or within the crust
List two things that are both weathering (breaks down rock) AND erosion (moves sediments).
wind and rain