Types of Rocks
How Rocks Change
Where Rocks Come From
Rock Facts
Vocabulary
100
This type of rock forms when pieces of other rocks are pressed together.
Sedimentary Rock
100
The process that breaks rocks into smaller pieces by wind, water, or ice is called
Weathering
100
Rocks that form from cooled magma INSIDE the Earth are called what?
Intrusive igneous rock (or simply igneous formed from magma)
100
DAILY DOUBLE!!
True or False: All rocks are made of minerals.
True
100
What does the word "magma" mean?
Magma is melted rock beneath Earth's surface
200
This rock is formed from cooled lava on Earth’s surface.
Igneous Rock
200
When sediments are moved from one place to another by water or wind, this process is called
Erosion
200
DAILY DOUBLE!!
Name the layer of Earth where most rocks are formed or changed (hint: crust, mantle, or core).
Crust
200
Which type of rock often has visible layers or strata?
Sedimentary rock
200
What is "erosion"?
Erosion is the movement of weathered rock or soil by wind, water, or ice.
300
DAILY DOUBLE!!
This rock forms when heat and pressure change an existing rock without melting it.
Metamorphic Rock
300
What is the name of the process where rocks are squeezed and glued together to form sedimentary rock?
Compaction and cementation (or lithification)
300
Volcanoes can make what type of rock when they erupt and lava cools quickly?
Igneous Rocks
300
What kind of rock can form from the remains of plants and animals (for example, shells)?
Some sedimentary rocks (like limestone) form from shells and remains of organisms
300
Define "sediment" in one sentence
Sediment is small pieces of rock, sand, and soil that settle in layers.
400
What is the main difference between an Igneous Rock and a Metamorphic Rock
The main difference is that igneous rocks are born from melted, liquid rock (magma/lava) that cooled down and hardened. Metamorphic rocks, however, are existing rocks that were squeezed and heated deep underground—changing them into a new rock without melting them
400
What happens to rock when it melts deep inside the Earth and later cools?
It becomes igneous rock when the melted rock (magma or lava) cools and solidifies.
400
Fossils are most often found in which type of rock?
Sedimentary Rocks
400
Name two uses of rocks or minerals that people use every day.
Example uses: building materials (granite, limestone), tools, countertops, jewelry (gemstones), road gravel, cement
400
DAILY DOUBLE!!
The hard materials inside rock that give it color and shine.
Minerals
500
Can you name the type of rock in the picture?
Igneous (Gneiss Rock)
500
DAILY DOUBLE!!
Describe, in one sentence, how temperature and pressure work together to change a rock into a metamorphic rock.
Heat and pressure squeeze and change the minerals and texture of the rock until it becomes metamorphic.
500
Describe the rock cycle in two short sentences
Example: Rocks are broken into pieces, moved, and pressed together to form new rocks; over time heat and pressure or melting can change them into other rock types (short, student-friendly wording).
500
Explain why some rocks have crystals and others do not (one or two sentences).
Crystals form when molten rock cools slowly so minerals have time to grow; quick cooling makes tiny or no crystals.
500
A scientist who studies rocks and Earth's materials
What is a geologist?