Rocks & Minerals I
a nonliving solid that occurs naturally and has a definite chemical makeup and crystalline structure
What is minerals
rock that forms as magma or lava cools and hardens
What is igneous rock
physical property of some minerals that cause them to break along smooth, flat surfaces
What is cleavage
metamorphic rock whose mineral grains are lined up in parallel layers
What is foliated
Rock formed by the cooling and hardening (crystallization) of magma; one of three types of rock in the rock cycle.
What is igneous rock
the color of a mineral in its powdered form, as when it is rubbed on a porcelain plate
What is streak
molten rock located below Earth's surface
What is magma
physical property of some minerals that causes them to break with uneven, rough, or jagged surfaces
What is fracture
metamorphic rock whose minerals grow and rearrange themselves in a nonlayered texture
What is nonfoliate
Rock that has undergone chemical or structural change due to the effects of heat and pressure; one of three types of rock in the rock cycle.
What is metamorphic rock
the way a mineral reflects light
What is luster
molten rock that flows from volcanoes onto Earth's surface
What is lava
measure of how easily a mineral can be scratched
What is hardness
process in which sediments are held together or "glued" by dissolved minerals produced when water moves through rock
What is cementation
Rock formed by the compaction and cementing of layers of sediments; one of three types of rock in the rock cycle.
What is sedimentary rock
a scale that ranks the relative hardness of minerals from 1 to 10
What is Mohs scale
rock formed from sediments that have become compacted and cemented together, or when minerals form from solutions
What is sedimentary rocks
igneous rocks that form when lava cools on the surface of Earth
What is extrusive rock
process in which layers of sediments are pressed together to form rock
What is compaction
have small or no crystals resulting in fine-grained or glassy textures
What is extrusive igneous rock
a naturally occurring solid material that is made up of one or more minerals
What is rock
rock formed from other rock by high heat and pressure inside Earth
What is metamorphic rock
igneous rocks that form beneath the surface of Earth
What is intrusive rock
A naturally occurring inorganic solid with a distinct chemical composition and crystalline structure.
What is mineral
have larger crystals and a coarser texture
What is intrusive igneous rock