Rocks
What is the ONLY type of rock that can contain fossils?
Sedimentary- it is the only rock whose formation does not destroy the fossils
What is the mineral we SAW IN CLASS that reacts with acid?
Calcite
Define weathering
The breaking down of rocks into smaller pieces by such natural forces as wind, water, and ice
In a stream channel is the water velocity higher on the INSIDE or the OUTSIDE of a curve?
Outside
What is the FORCE that holds the Earth in orbit around the sun and the moon in orbit around Earth?
Gravity
Name TWO non-foliated metamorphic rocks
Anthracite coal, hornfels, quartzite, marble, metaconglomerate
Describe how to find a mineral's HARDNESS
Scratch the mineral across different materials such as a fingernail, penny, glass plate, streak plate, and iron nail
Define erosion
The transport of sediments by such natural forces as wind, water, and ice
In a stream, does more DEPOSITION take place on the inside or the outside of a curve?
Inside- slower moving water drops some of the sediment it is carrying
What type of weather does a warm front create?
Long periods of gentle precipitation
Name a MAFIC igneous rock with vesicular texture
Vesicular basalt
What is a mineral's streak?
The color of the powdered form of the mineral, found by scratching the mineral across a streak plate
(Need definition, not just how to find it, for full points)
What is the difference between MECHANICAL and CHEMICAL weathering?
Mechanical: Physical weathering, changes the surface and shape of the rock but not the chemical composition. Example: Sediments hitting each other in a stream
Chemical: Changes the chemical composition of the rock. Example: acid rain reacting with limestone
What is the difference between SORTED and UNSORTED sediments?
Sorted- Deposited in layers according to size (largest on bottom, smallest on top)
Unsorted- Deposited in a heap with no organization
What shift in color would an observer see if they were observing a star moving TOWARDS Earth?
Blue
What is the difference between CONGLOMERATE and BRECCIA?
Conglomerate: Clastic sedimentary rock with ROUNDED fragments
Breccia: Clastic sedimentary rock with ANGULAR fragments
What is the name of the mineral with a hardness of 2 and a white-yellow streak?
Sulfur (smells like rotten eggs!)
Which is HARDER to weather: A rock with lots of quartz, or a rock with lots of talc?
Rock with lots of quartz- it is much harder and resistant to weathering because of the mineral that makes it up. Talc is much softer and breaks down more easily
What is the difference between valleys eroded/created by STREAMS and valleys eroded/created by GLACIERS?
Streams: V-shaped, generally more narrow unless the stream is very old
Glaciers: U-shaped, wider with smoother sides where the ice has scraped and sanded them
Name 2 pieces of evidence that support Earth's rotation
The sun's arc across the sky
Foucault's Pendulum
Star trails
Describe how all 3 rock types form
Igneous: Melting and solidification
Sedimentary: Sedimentation, compaction, and cementation
Metamorphic: Heat and pressure applied to pre-existing rocks
What are the 5 requirements a substance must meet in order to be considered a mineral?
(need all 5 for full points)
Weathering, erosion, and deposition can lead to the formation of which type of rock?
Sedimentary- The deposited sediments can be compacted and cemented over time
In a STRAIGHT section of stream channel, where is the highest water velocity?
The top middle of the channel, the water meets a lot of resistance with the sides and bottom of the stream channel but not as much from the other water in the stream
What cyclical, predictable, observable events does the moon's gravitational pull on Earth cause BESIDES phases and eclipses?
Tides