Sandstone, conglomerate, breccia, shale, limestone, coal, rock salt, dolomite
100
All igneous rocks form from what substance?
Magma
100
What is metamorphism?
The change in texture, composition, or structure of rock due to heat and/or pressure.
100
How can a metamorphic rock reach the surface of the earth?
Uplift
100
What is marble?
Metamorphic rock (from limestone)
200
What are the three types of sedimentary Rock?
Clastic, organic, and chemical
200
Give an example of a coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock.
Granite
200
Name a high-grade metamorphic rock?
Gneiss
200
How do sediments form?
Weathering and erosion
200
What is the formula for density?
density is mass divided by volume.
300
What are clastic sediments? How big or small can a sediment be?
Fragments of rock. Clay = 0.0004cm, boulders = 25cm
300
What are three differences between mafic and felsic igneous rock?
Mafic are darker, more dense, and are rich in Ca, iron, and magnesium. Felsic rocks have more aluminum, potassium, silicon, and sodium.
300
How does regional metamorphism differ from contact metamorphism?
Regional Meta occurs over large areas due to tectonic forces or when rocks are buried deep under many layers of other rock (pressure). Contact metamorphism is due to the heat from nearby magma.
300
How did I become "coal"? What is "coal"?
Coal is an organic sedimentary rock. Partially decomposed plant material is buried deep under other layers of sediment and is changed into coal by heat and pressure.
300
Which is harder -- glass or quartz.
Quartz has a hardness of 7. Glass has a hardness of 5. Quartz is harder.
400
How do chemical Sedimentary Rocks form?
They form from dissolved minerals. As the concentration of dissolved minerals increases, they will begin to crystalize. Halite is an example.
400
What is a fast cooling igneous rock with no crystal structure, a glass-like appearance, and is filled with tiny bubbles.
Pumice
400
Explain how one metamorphic rock can change into another metamorphic rock. Give an example.
As rock become buried deeper into earth's crust, the heat nd pressure steadily increase. The results in partial melting and recrystalization of the rock. Pressure forces crystals into bands. Slate to phylite to schist to gneiss.
400
How do sediments flowing down rivers become sedimentary rock?
They reach a basin or low-lying area, deposit, become buried by other sediment layers, and are compacted and cemented together by other minerals.
400
What is luster and give three examples.
Luster is how minerals reflect light.
adamantine, metallic, submetallic, glassy, greasy, pearly, earthy, dull
500
Some sedimentary rock is made of the remains of sea animals. What is their chemical composition? What rock do they form?
Calcium carbonate. Limestone.
500
Why does intrusive rock cool more slowly than extrusive igneous rock? Give two reasons.
It is closer to sources of heat. The surrounding rock acts as insulation, preventing the magma cooling rapidly.
500
does metamorphism only occur in rocks? Explain
Metam. means a change in shape. Caterpillars metamorphose into butterflies.
500
How did magma get there?
Tectonic forces recycle earth's crust. The pool of magma deep in the Earth has always been there. The solid rock crust is a very small portion of the Earth.