Rock Cycle
Igneous Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks
Minerals
Rocks/Minerals
100
Sediments are formed from this process.
What is: Weathering and erosion
100
How are igneous rocks formed?
From the cooling & solidification of magma or lava
100
What is the difference between conglomerate and breccia?
Rounded vs angular sediments
100
The type of metamorphism from mountain building is known as _____________
Regional
100
Name at least 4 properties used to classify minerals.
Color, streak, hardness, luster, cleavage/fracture
100
What is the difference between a rock and mineral?
Minerals are made of a set chemical composition, and rocks are made of many minerals
200
When rocks melt, they become ________.
What is: Magma or lava
200
Is lava associated with extrusive or intrusive environments?
Extrusive
200
Which three sedimentary rocks form from water evaporating and leaving minerals behind?
Rock salt, gypsum, dolostone
200
Describe the difference between mineral alignment and banding.
Mineral alignment is minerals aligning in the same direction.
Banding is when light colored and dark colored minerals develop into 'bands,' or stripes, due to increased pressure and heat.
200
What is the difference between cleavage and fracture?
Cleavage breaks along smooth surfaces, fracture breaks randomly
200
Which 3 rocks would be the best sources for the mineral garnet?
Phyllite, schist, gneiss
300
Describe how a metamorphic rock can become a sedimentary rock.
Uplift/weathering/erosion makes sediments
Sediments are deposited, buried, compacted, cemented into sedimentary rocks
300
Describe the texture and density of pumice that allows it to float on water.
- Texture: vesicular (has gas pockets)
- Low density (lower than water)
300
Why can only sedimentary rocks contain fossils?
Metamorphism would destroy fossils. Melting into magma/lava would destroy fossils.
300
Why are pebbles in a metaconglomerate stretched?
Pressure!
300
Which minerals contain only one element?
Sulfur, graphite
300
Mr. Long, who lives in an area with high acid rain levels, wants to repave his driveway and is deciding between using marble or granite. Which should he use and why?
Granite
-marble reacts with acid because it contains calcite
-granite contains minerals that are harder than calcite
400
When sandstone undergoes contact metamorphism, it turns into ______________
Quartzite
400
Basalt can contain which minerals?
Plagioclase feldspar, biotite, amphibole, pyroxene, olivine
400
Which sedimentary rocks would react/bubble with acid and why?
Limestone and dolostone
Mineral composition (calcite, dolomite)
400
How could you tell marble apart from quartzite?
Acid test because marble contains calcite which reacts with acid
400
Both graphite and diamond are only made of carbon. Why are their properties so drastically different?
The minerals atomic arrangement
400
diorite
500
Deposition/burial/cementation/compaction
500
What makes dunite unique?
It is only made of olivine (one mineral!)
500
Which clastic rock would form in the deepest part of the ocean and why?
Shale
- because clay is deposited last as velocity slows down
500
Explain why the rock type changes between location B and C.
Heat/pressure increases as you get closer to the granite intrusion under the mountain
500
Which mineral could scratch dolomite, but not pyroxene?
Fluorite
500
Which mineral is used in cell phones?
Quartz