Section 1
What are the three major types of rocks?
Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic.
What is magma?
Molten rock found beneath Earth's surface.
Which type of rock forms when molten rock cools and solidifies?
Igneous rock.
What two processes help turn loose sediment into sedimentary rock?
Compaction and cementation.
What is lava?
Molten rock that reaches Earth's surface.
What process forms an igneous rock?
The cooling and solidification of magma or lava
Which type of rock forms when an existing rock is changed by heat, pressure, or both?
Metamorphic rock.
What are the two main classifications of igneous rocks based on where they form?
Intrusive and extrusive.
A rock forms from sediments that have been deposited, compacted, and cemented together. What type of rock is it?
Sedimentary rock.
Which type of rock forms from sediments that become compacted and cemented?
Sedimentary rock.
Where do extrusive igneous rocks form?
At or near Earth's surface, when lava cools.
A glacier moves across the land and carries pieces of rock with it. Which process is responsible for transporting those sediments?
Erosion.
An igneous rock contains large, visible crystals because it cooled slowly underground.
Intrusive.
What process breaks rocks into smaller pieces at Earth's surface?
Weathering.
Where do intrusive igneous rocks form?
Beneath Earth's surface, when magma cools underground.
What process involves the removal and transportation of sediment?
Erosion.
Put these processes in the correct order: cementation, erosion, deposition, weathering, compaction.
Weathering → erosion → deposition → compaction → cementation.
The process in which the weight of overlying sediments pushes sediment grains closer together is called...
compaction
Name four major agents of erosion.
Wind, moving water, gravity, and glaciers.
What process occurs when sediment settles in a new location?
Deposition.
What are the three main types of magma based on composition?
Basaltic, andesitic, and rhyolitic.
A rock is exposed at Earth's surface. Wind and water break it into smaller fragments, and a river later carries those fragments downstream. Identify the two processes involved.
Weathering and erosion.
Which type of magma has the highest silica content.
Rhyolitic magma.
The process in which minerals grow between sediment grains and glue them together is called...
cementation
What are the three major classifications of sedimentary rocks?
Clastic, chemical, and biochemical.