Igneous
Two different rock forming processes for Igneous Rocks
Intrusive and extrusive igneous
Two different rock forming processes for Sedimentary Rocks
Physical and chemical sedimentation
Two different rock forming processes for Metamorphic Rocks
Metamorphic deformation and recrystallization
Two characteristics geologists use to categorize rocks
Composition and texture (crystal size)
Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
Name two characteristics of intrusive igneous rocks
- form underground
- solidify slowly
- crystals form
First step in physical sedimentation process
Physical weathering (wind, rain, sun break rock into sediment)
Where are metamorphic rocks created?
In the Earth's crust, often from tectonic plates
Holes in rocks formed by air bubbles
Pores
What scientists study rocks?
Geologists
Name two characteristics of extrusive rocks
- Magma cools on Earth's surface
- From volcanoes
- Cools quickly
- Has pores
Layers of sediment are compacted and cemented over millions of years
What are the two major causes of metamorphism?
Heat and pressure
Particles of sand or rock that some rocks are formed from
Rock fragments or sediment
What type of rocks can become weathered into sediment?
All of them!
Latin meaning of "igneous"
Fire
Difference between physical and chemical sediments
Physical sediments maintain their physical composure
Chemical sediments dissolve completely
Difference between deformation and recrystallization
Deformation: change physical shape or form
Recrystallization: atoms of existing rock crystal get rearranged to form completely new rock
Hard, flat surfaces that shimmer in the light
Crystals
What are all rocks made of?
Minerals
Name two igneous rocks discussed in class
Intrusive: granite, gabbro
Extrusive: pumice, basalt
What example did Mr. W give for the chemical sedimentation process? (think dissolved sediment)
Salt water
What rock example did Mr. W give for metamorphism recrystallization?
Limestone -> Marble
6 rock forming processes (must have 5 of 6)
Intrusive & extrusive igneous
Physical & chemical sedimentation
Deformation & recrystallization metamorphism
What is the rock cycle and what are the two sources of energy that drive it?
Continuous process where any type of rock can change into another rock
Energy from the sun and Earth's hot interior