Category 1
rock
a solid mass of minerlas
magma
melted rock under the ground
lava
melted rock above ground
sedimentary rocks
rocks formed from layers of weathered, eroded, and deposited sediment
metamorphic rock
rocks formed when preexisting rocks are altered by heat and pressure
rock cycle
describes how each rock type can change into another
igneous rocks
rocks that formed from cooled magma or lava
intrusive igneous rocks
igneous rocks formed from magma beneath earth's surface
extrusive igneous rocks
igneous rocks formed from lava at earth's surface
texture
describes a rock's shape, size, and arrangement of its component parts
weathering
the breakdown of rock
sediment
loose bits of weathered rock
erosion
the picking up and carrying away of sediments
deposition
where sediments stop moving after they have eroded.
compaction
the process that squeezes or compacts sediments
granitic composition
igneous rocks that contain 10 to 25% dark silicate minerals have _______________ composition
basaltic composition
igneous rocks with at least 45% magnesium and iron-rich dark silicates have _________ composition
andesitic composition
rocks that contain 25 to 45% dark silicate minerals have __________ composition
cementation
takes place when dissolved minerals are deposited in the tiny spaces among sediments, binding them together into a solid mass
clastic sedimentary rocks
rocks made from bits and pieces of other rocks (be specific)
chemical sedimentary rocks
sedimentary rock consisting of dissolved sediments that precipitate directly from water
biochemical sedimentary rocks
sedimentary rocks consisting of sediments that come from biological processes. Sometimes called organic sedimentary rocks
contact metamorphism
localized changes in a rock caused by heat from nearby magma
regional metamorphism
metamorphism associated with large-scale mountain building processes
hydrothermal solutions
the hot, watery solution that escapes from a mass of magma that may alter the surrounding rock