Physical Weathering
What is the process called when rocks are broken down without changing their chemical composition?
Chemical Weathering
Rain mixed with carbon dioxide creates this weak acid that can dissolve rock.
carbonic acid
What is the process that compacts and cements sediments into rock?
lithification
How are Igneous Rocks formed?
forms from cooled lava or magma
How is Metamorphic Rocks formed?
under heat and pressure
This type of physical weathering happens when water freezes in cracks and expands.
ice wedging (or frost wedging)
What effect does acid rain have on statues made of marble?
dissolves or wears them away
What are the three main types of sedimentary rocks?
clastic, chemical, and organic
Igneous rocks formed inside the Earth are called what?
intrusive igneous rocks
The texture of metamorphic rocks where minerals are aligned in layers is called what?
foliation
Tree roots breaking through rock is an example of what type of weathering?
Root Pry
Name three types of chemical weathering.
oxidation, hydrolysis, and carbonation
What type of sedimentary rock forms from the remains of plants and animals?
Organic
Which type of igneous rock cools quickly and has small crystals?
extrusive igneous rock
What type of metamorphism occurs due to high temperatures near magma?
contact metamorphism
What type of climate promotes the most physical weathering?
cold and dry climate
What are the 3 agents of chemical weathering?
Water, oxygen, acids
What type of sedimentary rock is made from particles of other rocks?
clastic
Give an example of an intrusive igneous rock.
Granite
What is the parent rock of marble?
limestone
Name two factors that affect the rate of physical weathering.
temperature and surface area (also acceptable: climate and rock type)
What is chemical weathering?
Breaking down of rocks through various chemical reactions
Name and describe two environments where sedimentary rocks commonly form.
rivers (where sediments are deposited) and oceans (where chemical or organic sedimentary rocks can form)
What factor most affects the crystal size in igneous rocks?
Rate of the rock cooling
Name and describe the two main types of metamorphic rocks.
foliated (layered appearance) and non-foliated (no layering)