The
Fossil
Record
And
Systematics
100
Species or group of species evolves rapidly into many different species inhabiting new environments
What is adaptive radiation
100
occurs above species level, usually occurs at a very slow pace
What is macroevolution
100
is a term applied to a structure that evolved in one context and became co-opted for another function.Natural selection cannot anticipate the future but can improve an existing structure in context of its current utility.
What is Preadaptation
100
systematic arrangement in groups or categories according to established criteria;
What is classification
100
Explain how the fossil record can provide information about the evolution of early life forms.
Fossils provide a unique view into the history of life by showing the forms and features of life in the past. Fossils tell us how species have changed across long periods of the Earth’s history. For instance, in 1998, scientists found a fossil showing an animal at the transition from sea creature to land creature.
200
Explain how the fossil record relates to the geologic time scale.
Appearance, disappearance, or change in abundance and diversity of fossil organisms can be used to subdivide geologic time
200
change from the body form of a common ancestor
What is Morphological Divergence
200
the name applied to a taxonomic group in a formal system of nomenclature
What is taxon
200
Review methods by which fossils are formed.
What is 3 factors that affect fossilization Possession of hard parts (bones, teeth etc) Escape from immediate destruction of remains Rapid burial
200
the Latin or latinized noun or adjective that follows the genus name in a taxonomic binomial
What is specific epithet
300
List the major taxa of the hierarchy of classification in order.
Domain Kingdom phylum class order family genus species
300
Identify limitations of studying the fossil record.
Organisms are only rarely preserved as fossils in the best of circumstances, and only a fraction of such fossils have been discovered.Because of the specialized and rare circumstances required for a biological structure to fossilize, only a small percentage of life-forms can be expected to be represented in discoveries, and each discovery represents only a snapshot of the process of evolution. The transition itself can only be illustrated and corroborated by transitional fossils, which will never demonstrate an exact half-way point.
300
Trends in the fossil record do not mean that macroevolution is goal-oriented.
In most cases, a correct single evolutionary progression cannot be produced from the fossil record. Selection of certain fossils can produce an apparent single evolutionary progression of intermediate organisms between Hyracotherium and modern horses.
300
not modifications of comparable body parts in different lineage
What is analogous structures
300
Evolutionary history of a species
What is phylogeny
400
binomial nomenclature Cardiospermum halicacabum Genus Species or specific epithet 1st letter of Genus capitalized All letters in italics Latinized
development of the system of biological classification used today.
400
Explain the concept of species selection. Review the impact of continental drift on biogeography and macroevolution.
Macroevolution has dimension in space as well as time. Biogeography was a major influence on Darwin and Wallace in developing their views on evolution. Drifting of continents is the major geographical factor correlated with the spatial distribution of life. Continental drift results from the movement of great plates of crust and upper mantle that float on the Earth's molten core. The relative positions of two land masses to each other changes unless they are embedded on the same plate. North America and Europe are drifting apart at a rate of 2 cm per year. Where two plates meet (boundaries), many important geological phenomena occur: mountain building, volcanism, and earthquakes.
400
a system of nomenclature in which each species of animal or plant receives a name of two terms of which the first identifies the genus to which it belongs and the second the species itself
What is binomial nomenclature
400
The study of the similarities and differences between different living organisms of the biological and physiological chemistry of the organisms. Used for the scientific discipline or the biochemical processes themselves.
What is Comparative Biochemistry
400
the process or system of describing the way in which different living things are related by putting them in groups
What is taxonomy
500
based on measurable physical or chemical qualities or associations with written records;
What is absolute dating
500
similarities in body parts that suggest a common ancestor
What is homologous structures
500
the study of the similarities and differences among various organisms during the embryologic period of development.
What is Comparative Embryology
500
Review the impact of mass extinctions on macroevolution.
Mass extinctions are important to macroevolution not only because they involve a sharp increase in extinction intensity over ‘‘background’’ levels, but also because they bring a change in extinction selectivity, and these quantitative and qualitative shifts set the stage for evolutionary recoveries.
500
in archaeology, the arrangement of artifacts or events in a sequence relative to one another but without ties calendrically measured time; the arrangement of artifacts in a typological sequence or seriation
What is relative dating
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