Marine Life Zones
WHAT IS A DETRITIVORE?
What is salinity? What units do we measure it in?
Salinity is the measure of the total amount of dissolved salts in water
parts per thousand (ppt)
3 main groups of seaweed.
Brown
Red
Invasive species definition
a non-native organism introduced to a new environment that spreads , causing significant environmental harm by outcompeting native species
Spray zone
Highest part of the ITZ above the high tide line. Its only effected by storms or ocean spray. The dominant organisms are clotharix, and rough periwinkle.
Why is our New England coast rocky?
We have a lot of bedrock, along with massive glaciers grinding the landscape and leaving behind boulders, and the subsequent action of waves eroding softer materials, exposing these resistant rock formations
Average salinity of oceans world wide
33-37ppt
How is algae diffferent from true plants?
algae lack true roots, stems, and leaves. Instead they have a holsfast, stipe, and blades.
What is competitive exclusion?
is an ecological rule stating that two species competing for the exact same limited resources cannot coexist. one superior competitor will eventually drive the other to local extinction
Upper ITZ
the harsh, rocky coastal area only submerged during the highest tides. the dominant organisms are barnacles.
Describe ecosystem limiting factors, (biotic and abiotic)
Abiotic: Waves, weather, heat, desiccation, no air
Biotic: Predetors , competition for space/food, disease
How dose salinity effect density?
Salinity increases water density: dissolved salt adds mass to a given volume of water, making it heavier and denser,
Purpose of photosynthesis
to convert sunlight, water, and dissolved carbon dioxide into food (sugars) for its own growth, releasing oxygen as a byproduct
Sea stars
Crabs
Snails
Gulls
Middle ITZ
the coastal area between the average high and low tide marks, submerged and exposed roughly twice daily. The dominant species are muscles.
Define ecosystem, different sub zones, and wrak line.
Ecosystem:a community of living organisms interacting with each other and their nonliving environment
Different Subzones: Intertidal zone, pelagic zone, oceanic zone, benthic zone, bathypleagic zone,aphotic/photic zone,compensatoin depth
Wrak Line: A debris strip oft by high tides
What is diffusion and osmosis?
DIFFUSSION:passive movement of particlesfrom an area where they are highly concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated, spreading out to achieve equilibrium
OSMOSIS: the passive movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from an area with a higher water concentration to an area with a lower water concentration.
WHAT DOSE SESSILE/MOTILE MEAN?
Sessile means an organism is fixed in one place and unable to move on its own while motile means it can move freely
3 main groups of herbivores (how they eat)
Grazers, suspention feeders, deposit feeding.
Lower ITZ
the area of the seashore that is submerged most of the time, only exposed to air during the lowest tides. The dominant specie Is rockweed and other brown seaweeds.
Ecological organization from biggest to smallest.
Biosphere, Biome, Ecosystem, Community, Population, Species, and Organism
What is osmoregulation and how is it done?
the active process organisms use to maintain a stable internal balance of water and solutes preventing cells from swelling or shrinking in solutions that are too dilute or too concentrated
adaptations each group of seaweed has.
Green- Best adapted for bright, shallow environments. Rubbery coating to avoid desiccation, green color absorbs light.
Brown- Absorbs blue green light, air bladders help it float to the sunlight, holsfasts anchor them for strong waves.
Red- Absorbs blue light, holdfast for ptotection from waves, lives deepest.
DEFINE MUTALISM
is a symbiotic relationship where two different species interact in a way that benefits both, enhancing their survival, reproduction, or fitness
Subtital zone
the coastal area between the highest high tide and lowest low tide, alternately submerged and exposed to air. Thedominant species is algae.