Descent
with
modification
Biology
2
100
define evolution
What is descent with modification
100
impact of evidence discovered through fossils and sedimentary rock on evolutionary thought.
What is Cuvier, 1. Older fossils were dissimilar to current life forms; but he did not know why. 2.Some species do disappear; also did not know why. younger stratum has more recent fossils older stratum has older fossils
100
What is this called? Ex. 1 Giraffes with long necks most likely survived throughout millions of years because they adapted their necks to reach food from high trees. Ex. 2 Galapagos Finches adapted to their environment and those who ate smaller foods developed smaller beaks and those who ate larger foods developed larger wider beaks. Ex. 3 Remember the story about the nerds in a game competition vs. the big buff guy (the nerds are more likely to reproduce because they are best suited for that environment.)
What is Natural Selection
100
The earth was 6000 years old… how old is it? 4.6billion. (James Ussher Archbishop calculated the date from lunar cycles and history based on the bible. One of his contemporaries John Lightfoot added the time. Evolution was not because it suggests that the design is subject to influence outside of divinity. So the big resistance came from religion and people had been killed going against religion.
What is early beliefs such as natural theology and it conflicted with evolutionary thought .
100
define Comparative anatomy
What showed how the ancient creatures are anatomically similar to the modern ones.
200
shows how similar particular species are at certain stages of embryonic development.
What is Comparative Embryology
200
Explain Darwin's two hypotheses outlined in, The Origin of Species, descent with modification and natural selection.
What is #1 was organisms are suited for the environment #2 is that there are shared characteristics
200
Darwin observed that finches in the Galápagos Islands had different beaks than finches in South America; these adaptations equipped the birds to acquire specific food sources. Some of the galapagos finches had small narrow beaks for smaller foods while finches with larger wider beaks feed on larger food sources.
What is examples of evolution Darwin observed on the Galapagos Islands.
200
showed how all living species has a common ancestor and genus.
What is Taxonomy
200
Explain why Darwin's theory of natural selection was not initially accepted by the scientific community while descent with modification was generally accepted.
What is Because it went against the western world culture of religion, that God made the world and everything in it.
300
Ex. 1 Teosinte is small plant that Modern corn descended from remember when we talked about humans modifying the Teosinte to selectively breed the modern big yellow corn. Ex. 2 Dogs are selectively bred to people's benefits.
What is Artificial selection is the intentional reproduction of individuals in a population that have desirable traits.
300
Observation 1 - Over reproduction Observation 2 - Population size is normally stable Observation 3 - Natural resources are limited. Inference 1 - If more offspring are born than can survive then there must be struggle for survival. Observation 4 - Individual genetic variation among the members of a population. Observation 5 - Much of the variation is heritable. Inference 2 - Survival is not random, depends partly on hereditary constitution. Inference 3 - Unequal survival and reproduction will lead to gradual change in the population.
What is concept of Natural Selection, conditions that must exist for natural selection to occur and how natural selection relates to the concept of biological evolution.
300
organisms respond to environmental pressure over time he proposed a mechanism for this which is heritability
What is Lamarck's Theory of The Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics (what he got right)
300
Plants and animals were equipped to deal with different environments. Remember the beetle we started this off with? Same thing, he saw adaptations to coastal, mountainous, tropical, and alpine environments. Fossil evidence showed that organisms from South America tended to be more alike than European ancestors. New Environment = New species.
What is the work of Darwin during his voyage on HMS Beagle and how it led to his concepts of biological evolution.
300
Use and disuse …. Parts of the body that were constantly used got bigger and stronger. Then the parts that weren't being used would just fall off.
What is Lamarck's Theory of The Inheritance of Acquired Characteristics (what he got wrong)
400
Explain how evolutionary thought has changed over time and the concept of the modern evolutionary synthesis.
What is Modern evolution just states that gradual changes are still taking place right now but they might take billions of years to see the physical changes.
400
shows how many different biomolecules are common in all living organisms known.
What is Molecular biology
400
1. Evolution is … Ancestors - this is to say we have species descending from an ancestral species and that those species are different 2. Evolution is … Changes in Genes – This is MORE specific… evolution is the change in genes from generation to generation.
What is The Concept of biological evolution
400
Explain how evolutionary thought has changed over time and the concept of the modern evolutionary synthesis.
What is Modern evolution just states that gradual changes are still taking place right now but they might take billions of years to see the physical changes.
400
How did the concepts of gradualism and uniformitarianism influence thought on biological evolution?
What is natural selection (best I could do) Individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates because of these traits.
500
Rationalized that local catastrophes created the layers and that repopulation was from organisms from other areas.
What is Cuvier Theory of Catastrophism
500
Define fossils
What is showed the transitional periods of organisms
500
what is this called? supported Darwin's theory by showing the different and various species of organisms living on islands and their relation to organisms from the main lands.
What is this Biogeography
500
define gradualism
What is the hypothesis that evolution proceeds chiefly by the accumulation of gradual changes
500
The theory that all geologic phenomena may be explained as the result of existing forces having operated uniformly from the origin of the earth to the present time.
What is uniformitarianism
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