Roman Republic & Daily Life
Was first established in 509 BC after many years of monarch rule, and was built upon seven hills, making it easier to defend from its many enemies.
What is the Roman Republic
A classification system that organized citizens of a civilization into specific groups based on things like socioeconomic status, family, and power.
What is a social hierarchy?
The first principle was that a person is presumed innocent until proven guilty. This principle is important, as it prevents the innocent from being falsely imprisoned. Secondly, accused persons are allowed to defend themselves in front of a judge. This principle keeps someone from using manipulation to turn the situation in their favor. Lastly, a judge weighs all evidence before a decision si made.
What were the three principles of Roman Law?
Took place over nearly a century of time with three wars between Rome and Carthage, also known as the Punic Empire. This series of wars is often seen as one of history's biggest conflicts
What were the Punic Wars?
Once thrived and held great power, experiencing periods of great growth, wealth, and trade. Consisted of the upper class of villas and estates, poor citizens working in shops and markets, and the unemployed who depended on the Emperor for handouts.
What was the Roman Empire?
The Romans were able to sustain control of their conquered lands by creating the _____________. This was the key to political, social, and economic prosperity and unity.
What is the Roman Confederation?
At the very top of hierarchy of Ancient Rome, they held great political power
What is a Senate?
Were the first code of laws in Ancient Rome and were adopted in 450 BC. A set of regulations stating duties and rights of Roman citizens.
What was the Twelve Tables?
Lasted 23 years, much of the fighting was at sea.
What was the First Punic War?
Five "good" emperors: Trajan, Nerva, Antoninous Pius, Hadrian, and Marcus Aurelius.
What is the Pax Romana?
A form of government where the power is held by the people a n d their elected representatives.
What is a republic?
These men were officials and advisories who excelled at owning land. They were also the ruling class of Rome.
Who were nobles and plebeians?
Known then as the jus gentium, evolved from natural law, or law based in reason. They are more customary laws that created a standard of conduct among all people across all countries.
What is the Law of Nations?
Became the first Roman province
What is Sicily?
A well-known gladiator, broke out in south Italy with many slaves alongside him
Who is Spartacus?
A political alliance formed between three important and popular men. Gaius Julius Caesar, Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus "Pompey," and Marcus Licinius Crassus
Who was the first Triumvirate?
The bottom two tiers of the social hierarchy... former slaves who recovered their freedom but still lived with major restrictions to their legal rights... the lowest class in the social ladder with no freedom or rights. They were considered the property of landowners.
Who were slaves and freedmen?
A set of guidelines that were passed down, a fluid document, constantly evolving and changing based on new laws of the repeal of older laws. From this came the concept of checks and balances.
What was the Roman Constitution?
Rose to the rank of Carthaginian general. He was considered one of the greatest military strategists of all-time, with many achievements in warfare and a flair for the creative.
Who was Hannibal Barca?
For entertainment, all people could attend gladiatorial shows, where the entertainers would fight to the death in amphitheaters.
What is the Colosseum?
He was assassinated and he filled the Senate with loyal people to weaken its powers so he could become an absolute ruler, or dictator
Who was Julius Caesar?
Separate of the social hierarchy but related, were two groups of chief executive officers in the Roman Republic... the ______ led the Roman army into battles, the _______ were directly below in charge of civil law in Rome.
Who were consuls and praetors?
checks and balances. separation of powers ,vetoes,impeachments. elections, limiting terms of service
What were concepts of government from Roman law?
Burned to the ground by the Romans. Endured for over 700 years before it was destroyed by the Romans. When defeated, thousands upon thousands of Carthaginians were sold into slavery.
What was the city of Carthage?
Focused mostly on farming and trade, since most Romans were farmers. Farmers would sell their crops in markets, but they still had to pay taxes with both money and food.
What was the economy of the Roman Empire?