Rome the Republic
Patricians
Citizens of Rome were split into two orders. This order represented the merchants, craftsman, and small farmers.
Plebeians
The first "dictator for life" of Rome, defeated Pompey to become ruler.
Julius Caesar
Given the title "imperator" or "emperor", ruled Rome after the second triumvirate, the next four rulers were related to him.
Caesar Augustus
Both Caesar and later Antony fell in love with this ruler of the Ptolemaic kingdom in Egypt.
Cleopatra
The fable associated with the start of Rome is a fight between brothers _______ and _______ over control of the land along the Tiber River
Remus and Romulus
Rome's biggest conquest as a republic was defeating this Phoenician state during the Punic Wars.
Carthage
These brothers worked for the Plebeians to try and create employment and land reform. Both were murdered.
Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus (The Gracchus brothers)
Julius Caesar was eventually murdered by
The Senate
After the rule of many emperors related to Caesar Augustus, Five "good" emperors ruled over Rome during a period of over 100 years called the
Pax Romana
Rome conquered many other civilizations in building their republic, including this people group that initially controlled the area of Rome and Latium.
Etruscans
Rome's first law code was called:
The Twelve Tables
This general defeated Marius to seize Rome and give control back to the Senate.
Sulla
Caesar Augustus was never able to successfully conquer this empire, causing him much anger.
Germania
List two forms of entertainment for citizens of the city of Rome during the latter part of the empire.
Gladiatorial combat in the Colosseum
Chariot Races
Dramatic performances (plays
What was the outcome of the Punic Wars?
Rome defeated Carthage becoming master of all Mediterranean territory
From the early republic of Rome, give one similarity and one difference in citizenship and opportunity between the Plebeians and Patricians.
Both groups paid taxes, both served in military, both could vote
Only patricians could be elected for government offices (including the senate)
Before the rise of Roman emperors, list two things specifically led to growing unrest in the republic of Rome
Decline in small farmers as the wealthy were gaining too much land
A distrust of the Senate by the Plebeians
Senate grows older and more conservative/focused on the wealthy
How did Marius change the role and representation of the Roman army?
He created direct report to the general instead of loyalty to the empire.
This was the last "good emperor" of Rome... united the empire economically and reformed Roman law.
Marcus Aurelius
List two geographic advantages of settling in Rome
Broad fertile plains
Near the Tiber River
Apennine Mountains provided natural barrier
City had a central location
7 hills of Rome were easily defensible
Give three examples of justice found in early Roman law that is still used today in the US.
Innocent until proven guilty
Right to a fair trial
Right to defend yourself
Providing a will for your estate after death
List two things Julius Caesar did to try and fix the growing unrest of the Plebeians
Increased senate from 300 to 900 members
Gave land/employment opportunities through building projects
Military campaigns
List the members of both the first and second triumvirates
First: Crassus, Pompey, Caesar
Second: Lepidus, Antony, Octavian
Describe the familial structure of Rome under the idea of paterfamilias
Male dominant, head of the household
Women were to become married by age 14.
Education was for mostly upper class boys