Expansion and
Punic Wars
Punic Wars
During Rome's first period of expansion, what happened to many Plebeian Romans?
Many plebeian Romans were forced to serve in the army without representation in government.
What did Rome do to cities it conquered during its expansion, in terms of citizenship, taxation, and military service?
Rome made conquered cities Roman citizens, taxed them, and forced them to fight in the Roman army.
Who was the head of the Roman family, and what was their role within the household?
The head of the Roman family was the paterfamilias, the father, and his word was law within the household.
How did Romans seek help from the gods when they were sick?
Romans would leave offerings in the shape of the affected body part when sick.
What word literally translates to “father of the family”?
Paterfamilias
In 494 B.C.E., what did the Plebs do to demand reform in the republic?
In 494 B.C.E., the Plebs went on strike and refused to work until their demands for reform, including representation, were met.
What was the fate of the enslaved people led by Spartacus?
They were crushed in battle, and thousands of enslaved people were sentenced to death
How were wealthy Roman women involved in household management?
Wealthy Roman women managed their households, including buying and training enslaved individuals. Many were involved in business and property transactions.
What did the bodyguards of Senators carry and what did it symbolize?
Fasces which symbolized the government’s authority to punish criminals
What was the OG McDonald's called?
thermopolia
What was the outcome of the First Punic War in 241 B.C.E., how did the victors win and what did they gain from their victory?
Rome won the First Punic War at sea and conquered Sicily and other surrounding islands.
Who was backed by the Senate in the civil war between Pompey and Julius Caesar?
Pompey was backed by the Senate in the civil war.
Where did Roman weddings typically take place, and what did the bride and groom wear?
Roman weddings took place at temples, with brides wearing white togas and long veils, while grooms also wore white togas and shined leather shoes with animal fat.
What was the purpose of Roman emperors providing "bread and circuses" for the poor, and what did this include?
To keep the poor from revolting. The emperor provided food and entertainment such as chariot races and gladiator fights.
List 3 career opportunities for women from upper-class families
dentists, midwives, real estate agents, and tutors
How did Hannibal surprise the Romans in the Second Punic War?
Hannibal surprised the Romans by marching his army from Spain across the Alps into Italy.
What did Julius Caesar want for Rome that led to his assassination?
Julius Caesar wanted Rome to become an empire, and this desire for power and his vision for Rome led to his assassination.
How did wealthy Romans construct their homes, and what features were commonly found in them?
Wealthy Romans constructed their homes with features like atriums, indoor pools, and elaborate dining rooms with murals, mosaics, statues, and fountains.
What did every Roman have in their home regardless of socioeconomic status?
An altar for worshipping household gods and spirits
List 4 elaborate dinners wealthy families would have.
Mice cooked in honey, roasted parrots stuffed with dates, salted jellyfish, and snails dipped in milk.
What were 3 of the effects of the Punic Wars on Rome and its people?
Effects of the Punic Wars included the loss of many Roman lives, extensive destruction of land, suffering of poor farmers, and integration of costumes from other lands into Roman culture. The wealthy grew wealthier while the poor suffered.
What did Caesar Augustus do to strengthen the individual people in the empire?
Caesar Augustus encouraged education, art, literature, construction, and the restoration of temples in Rome.
What was stored in large clay jars and poured over main dishes at dinner in Roman society?
Large clay jars contained garum, a salty fish sauce that Romans liked to pour over their main dishes at dinner.
According to a Roman poet, the Circus Maximus was considered the best place to do what, and why was this the case?
The Circus Maximus was the best place to meet a new boyfriend or girlfriend because of the unpredictability of seating arrangements.
How much of the population of the Roman Empire live in the countryside?
90% of the population lived in the countryside.